TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
Guide Name: Dr . PRASAD K
PRESENTED BY :
NAME: RAKESH B R
USN: 1KS17ME430
EMAIL ID:
[email protected] CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE SURVEY
EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
SCOPES AND FUTURE OF
INJECTION MOULDING
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Plastics
What does the word ‘Plastic’ mean?
The word ‘Plastic’ means easily ‘Shaped or
Moulded’.
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Plastic ::
A polymeric substance of large molecular weight.
Polymer :: A substance that has a molecular structure consisting
chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded
together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics
and resins.
Why do we use plastics?
Think of five reasons why we use plastics.
“Plastics play a very important role in our lives and the products we use
every day.”
Plastics
There are two main groups of plastics:
Thermo Plastics - A material that can be
heated and cooled repeatedly without
changing the material structure. Highly
recyclable.
Ex. ABS, PC , PS, PVC, PP, LDPE, HDPE, Nylon etc.
Thermoset Plastics - material, which
when heated, is pressed or moulded into a
shape. The heating process changes the
structure of these materials, and for this
reason they cannot by re- cyclable .
Ex. PF, MF, Epoxy resin etc.
Types of Moulding
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Injection moulding - Well suited for high-
quality, high-volume part
manufacturing
Injection moulding is by far the most versatile of
all injection moulding techniques.
Blow Moulding – Well suited for hollow
objects, like bottles
The process follows the basic steps found in glass
blowing. A parison (heated plastic
mass, generally a tube) is inflated by air. The air
pushes the plastic against the mould
to form the desired shape. Once cooled, the
plastic is ejected.
Extrusion Moulding – Well suited for long
hollow formed applications like tubing, pipes and
straws While other forms of moulding uses
extrusion to get the plastic resins into a mould,
this process extrudes the melted plastic directly
into a die. The die shape, not a mould, determines
the shape of the final product. The extruded
“tubing” is cooled and can be cut or rolled for
shipment.
Plastic Injection Moulding
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Injection moulding :: A manufacturing process in
which melted plastic is injected into a mould to
form a part.
The first injection moulding machine was
invented and patented by brothers John and Isaiah
Hyatt in 1872.
Today, the process is more complicated
although, the basic principle of plastic being
injected into a waiting mould is still the
same.
One of the biggest advancements has come by
way of the materials used, and there are now
thousands of different formulations available for
making ‘Plastic’ Raw materials used in
the plastic injection moulding process,
EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT
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Injection Moulding Machine
Working Principle:-
1.First, we autoloader the plastic material into the barrel, which is
surround by heating elements melting the plastic.
2.In the barrel which is assembled with servo motor screw. The plastic
melt will flow up the screw and under the heating condition get tight and
move forward to the screw head.
3.At the same time, due to the plastic reacting force, the screw will step
back. So at the screw head, it formed a plastic melt saving space to finish
its plasticizing process. Also under the injection hydraulic cylinder force,
the screws will injection the plasticizing melt into the plastic mould
through the nozzle. The plastic melt will remain in the mould cavity
through the holding pressure, cooling, process, and then formed into
solid shape ejected out of the mould.
Moulding Process Steps:-
Stage I:- Plastification
Stage II:- Injection
Stage III:- Packing
Stage IV:- Cooling
Stage V:- Demold
Stage VI:- Ejection
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Advantages Of Injection Moulding
Fast production.
Low labour costs.
Design flexibility.
High-output production.
Multiple materials can be used at the same
time.
Leaves little post-production scrap.
Ability to include inserts.
Good colour control.
Good product consistency.
Reduced requirements for finishing.
Good dimensional control.
Disadvantages Of Injection Moulding
High initial tooling and machinery cost.
Part design restrictions.
Small runs of parts can be costly
Tooling cost higher
High setup cost
Large undercuts can’t be formed
