UNIT - II

OBLIQUE SHOCK
SHOCK WAVE EXAMPLE FROM
SCHLIEREN PHOTOGRAPHS
 OBLIQUE SHOCK WAVES
Upstream: 1 Downstream: 2

M1 > 1 M2 < M1 (M2 > 1 or M2 < 1)

V1 V2 < V1
p1 P2 > p1
r1 r2 > r1
T1 T2 > T1
s1 q s2 > s 1
p0,1 p0,2 < p0,1
h0,1 h0,2 = h0,1
T0,1 T0,2 = T0,1 (if calorically perfect,
h0=cpT0)

b
OBLIQUE SHOCK AND EXPANSION WAVES

Supersonic flow over a corner.

 OBLIQUE SHOCK CONTROL VOLUME
• Split velocity and Mach into tangential (w and Mt)
and normal components (u and Mn)
• Tangential component of flow velocity is constant
across an oblique shock (w1 = w2)
• Wave angle is angle between shock wave and flow
directionβ
• Θ is the deflection angle angle between wedge
and flow direction
 OBLIQUE SHOCK RELATIONS
Mn1  M 1 sin 
For a calorically perfect gas

2

   1 Mn12
1    1 Mn12  2

2
P2
P1
 1
 1

Mn12  1 
Mn12   2 
    1  T2 P2 1
Mn22  
2  Mn 2  1 and T1 P1  2
    1  1

Mn2
M2 
sin     


Special case    normal shock
2
Note ： changes across a normal shock wave the functions of M1 only
changes across an oblique shock wave the functions of M1 & 
 u1
tan  
1
and
u2
tan     
2


tan  u1  2
  
   1 Mn12

   1 M12 sin 2 
tan     u2 1    1 Mn1  2    1 M12 sin 2   2
2

 M 12 sin 2   1 
tan   2 cot   2    M relation
M
 1    cos 2    2 
For  =1.4
(transparancy
or Handout)
1. For any given M1 ， there is a maximum deflection angle
 max
If    max no solution exists for a straight oblique shock wave
shock is curved & detached,

2. If    max , there are two values of β for a given M1

strong shock solution (large )
M2 is subsonic
weak shock solution (small  )
M2 is supersonic except for a small region near
 max
 
3.   0    or  
2
4. For a fixed  M 1    (weak shock solution)
M 1   

→Finally, there is a M1 below which no solutions are possible

→shock detached
5. For a fixed M1    , P2 , T2 and  2 , M 2 
   max  Shock detached
 SUMMARY OF SHOCK RELATIONS
M n ,1  M 1 sin 
Normal Shocks Oblique Shocks

1
   1 2
M    1 M 2
2
1 1 n ,1
M 22  2
   1 
2
M
M 2

n, 2
M n2,1 
   1
1
2 2

2    1 M 12 2    1 M n2,1
 
1 2     1 M 12 1 2     1 M n2,1

2
p2
 1
2
M 12  1  
p2
p1
 1
 1
 M n2,1  1
p1  1

M n,2
M2 
sin     
SHOCK POLAR –GRAPHICAL EXPLANATIONS

c.f

Point A in the hodograph plane

represents the entire flowfield
of region 1 in the physical plane.
 Shock polar

B Increases to C

 V2  (stronger shock)

   max 
Locus of all possible velocities behind the oblique shock
OBLIQUE SHOCK REFLECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS

M 2  M 1      2     1
(+)
(-)

(downward consider negative)

•Left-running Wave :
When standing at a point on
the waves and looking
“downstream”, you see the wave
running-off towards your left.
INTERSECTION OF SHOCKS OF OPPOSITE FAMILIES
•C&D:refracted shocks
(maybe expansion waves)

•Assume  2  1
shock A is stronger
than shock B
a streamline going through
the shock system A&C
experience or a different
entropy change than a
streamline going through the
shock system B&D
 s4  s4'
1. P4  P4' •Dividing streamline EF
  (slip line)
2. V4 and
V4' have  2  3 
(the same direction.
In general they differ in magnitude. )
Assume    and
'
4 are4 known P P '
 & 4 are 4 known

if P4  P4'  solution

if P4  P4'  Assume another 

(or expansion wave)

A left running shock intersects

another left running shock
 
MACH REFLECTION ( max for M 1)    ( max for M 2 )

A straight A regular reflection is

oblique shock not possible

Much reflection

Flow parallel to the upper

   max for M2
wall & subsonic