OXYGEN TREATMENT
• Objectives Upon completion of this module, the learner will be able
to:
• Review the basics of PaO2 vs. SaO2
• Identify common Supplemental Oxygen - Low Flow Systems
Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administration of
oxygenat concentrations grater than that in
room air to treat or prevent hypoxia.
Oxygen therapy
• Oxygen should be regarded as a drug
• Oxygen must be prescribed in all situations (except for
the immediate management of critical illness).
• If abused it can cause complication.
OXYGEN THERAPY
FiO2-Fraction of inspired
Anoxia :When the body or parts of it completely loss oxygen supply. Usually,
oxygen
the anoxia is a result of hypoxia.
1 L\min =24%
2 L\min =28%
[Link] of sufficient oxygen to maintain normal life functions.
3 L\min =32%
Hypoxemia :Occurs when levels of oxygen in the blood are lower than normal.
4 L\min =36%
FiO2(Fraction of O2 in Inspired gas) 21%
5 L\min =40%
6 L\min =44%
HOW IS OXYGEN SATURATION MEASURED?
1. Resting PaO2 > 80 mm Hg is considered
normal.
2. SPO2(Saturation of peripheral oxygen) 94-
100%.
88-92% if at risk of type II respiratory failure
( high CO2 ,low O2).
USE OF OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES
NASAL CANNULA
• The prongs protrude 1 cm into nares
• Used for low concentrations of Oxygen 24-44% at 1-6L/min.
• Patient are able to talk and eat with oxygen in place
• May cause irritation to the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa
• If oxygen flow rates are above 4L/min variable FiO2
Simple face mask
• Client exhales through ports on sides of mask
• Air entrained through ports if O2 flow through dos not meet peak inspiratory flow
• It delivers 35% to 60% oxygenat 6-10L/min.
• Flow must beat least 5L/min to avoid CO2 build up and resistance to breathing
• Potential for skin break down due to pressure and moisture
• Unconfortable while eating or [Link] coughing.
VENTURI MASK
• It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
• Oxygen from 24 -60% At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
• Aims to deliver constant and most precise oxygen
concentration within and between breaths.
• With TACHYPNOEA (RR >30/min) the oxygen flow should be
increased by50%
• Increasing flow does not increase oxygen concentration,
it is a fixed dosedevice
• Good device for patients with raised C02 (patients with a
target of 88-92%)
Partial rebreathing mask
Nonrebreather Mask
• Have 2 one-way valves at exhalation ports and bag
• This mask provides the highest concentration of oxygen (95-100%) at 10-15L/min.
• Client can only inhale from reservoir bag
• Velve prevents exhaled gas flow into reservoirbag. Velve over exhalation ports prevents air
entrainment.
• Bag must remain inflated at all times.
• For Critical illness / Trauma patients, Post-cardiac or respiratory arrest
• Effective for short term treatment
Hazard of O2 Therapy
• Drying of mucous membrane
• Depression of ventilation in COPD
• Reversal of compensatoryhypoxic vasoconstriction
• Atelectasis due to absorptioncollapse
• O2 toxicity
Optimization
My SpO2 is< 90%,what next?
• Is the pulse oximeter working/accurate
• Do I have a good signal?
• Heart rate plus/minus ?
• Is there adequate perfusion at the probesite?
• Can the probe be repositioned?
• Do other vital signs or clinical manifestations give evidence of hypoxemia?
The flow rate and approximate for
different FiO2 oxygen delivery
devices:
Oxygen delivery devices Flow rate (litre/min) Approximate FiO2
Nasal cannula 1-6 0.24-0.44
Simple face mask 5-8 0.40-0.60
Partial rebreathing mask 6-10 0.60-0.80
Non rebreathing mask 10-15 0.90-1.00
Venturi mask 2-15 0.24-0.60
