Construction Safety Management
James E. Roughton, CSP, CRSP, CHMM
Elements of A Safety Program
Safety Program Development
⬛Assignment of responsibility
⬛Hazard identification and control
⬛Training and communication
⬛Documentation and enforcement of safety rules
Safety Program
⬛Maintenance of safe working conditions
⬛Setting performance goals
⬛Rewarding safety performance
⬛Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
⬛Taking appropriate correction actions
Safety Program (Continued)
⬛Establishing Safety performance objectives for all levels of
management
⬛Including safety as part of management performance reviews
⬛Measuring effectiveness
Benefits of a Safety Program
Benefits
⬛Reduced workers’ compensation claims
⬛Reduced expenses related to injuries and illnesses
⬛Reduced absenteeism
⬛Lower employee complaints
Benefits (Continued)
⬛Improved employee morale and satisfaction
⬛Increased productivity
⬛Reduction of hidden cost
⬛Reduced insurance cost
Consequences
Hidden Cost
⬛Workers Compensation Cost
⬛Replacement and training cost for new or substitute
employee
⬛Poor Quality
⬛Penalties for non-compliance
Establishing Project-Specific Activities
Planning a Project
⬛Develop goals and objectives
⬛Define project team
⬛Project manager
⬛Site Supervisor
⬛Site Safety
⬛Other Programs
Roles and Responsibilities
⬛Supervisors/Management
⬛Establish safe work practices
⬛Enforce safety rules and regulations
⬛Train employees how to avoid hazards
⬛Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and near misses
– Investigate causes of incidents or near misses
– Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence
⬛Ensure prompt medical attention
Roles and Responsibilities (Continued)
⬛Safety Professional
⬛Develop and implement accident prevention programs
⬛Advise management on company policies and governmental
regulations
⬛Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety programs
⬛Train management in safety observation techniques
Why Have a Plan?
⬛Designed to Protect
⬛Personnel
⬛Environment
⬛Public
⬛Operation and Equipment
Why Have a Plan (Continued)
⬛Government Regulations
⬛OSHA
⬛EPA
⬛State/Local
⬛Public/Private Requirements
Typical Programs
⬛Recordkeeping
⬛OSHA 200 log and supplementary forms
⬛OSHA 101, accident investigations
⬛Workers' compensation cases
⬛Employee's medical history
Typical Programs (Continued)
⬛Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
⬛Proper use
⬛Employee training
⬛Enforcement
– Dusty Operations
– Unknown hazards
– Hazardous waste operations and Emergency Response
Typical Programs (Continued)
⬛Hazard communication program
⬛Written
program development and implementation
⬛Chemical Inventory
⬛Communicate safe work methods for:
– Jobs-Specific activities
– Non-routine tasks
– Labeling requirements
– MSDS
– Employee training (contractors)
Typical Programs (Continued)
⬛Machine guarding
⬛Make sure that machine guarding is:
– Replaced and tested for proper function when removed for maintenance
– Review electrical and mechanical interlocks to see if they work properly
⬛Equipment Repair
⬛Inspect and repair and/or replaced defective parts
Typical Programs (Continued)
⬛Lockout/Tagout
⬛Make sure that lockout/tagout procedures are established
⬛Employees trained
⬛Others
⬛Confined-space entry
⬛Excavation
⬛Heavy equipment
⬛Air monitoring
Top Violations
Citation Reference
Description
⬛29 CFR 1910.1200 (e)(1) Hazard Communication
⬛29 CFR 1904.2 (a) Recordkeeping
⬛29 CFR 1903.2 Signage
⬛29 CFR 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout
Top Violations (Continued)
Citation Reference
Description
⬛29 CFR 1910.212 (a)(1) Machine Guarding
⬛29 CFR 1901.215 (b)(9) Abrasive Wheel Machinery
⬛29 CFR Subpart I Personal Protective Equipment
Formulating the Plan
⬛Team Effort Required
⬛Management
⬛Supervisors
⬛Labors
Formulating the Plan (Continued)
⬛Developing Scope of Work
⬛Identifying Controls for Reducing Hazards
⬛Reviewing Hazards of each Task
⬛Physical
⬛Chemical
⬛Biological
Formulating the Plan (Continued)
⬛Review
⬛Facility
⬛Operations
⬛Hazardous Materials
⬛Points to Consider
⬛Detailsof the Plan
⬛Degree of Action Required
⬛Envision Potential Incidents
⬛Review Previous Incidents
Finalizing the Plan
⬛“User-Friendly” Plan
⬛FinalReview
⬛Outside Audit
Implementing the Work Plan
⬛Essentialin reducing injuries and illnesses
⬛Maintains a safe environment
⬛Designed to protect employees, company’s facilities, and
local community
Work Plan (Continued)
⬛Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
⬛Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
⬛Periodic safety inspection
⬛Correct known deficiencies
⬛Must be available for review and updated as required
Preparing Scope of Work
⬛Teamwork
⬛Brain Storming
⬛Project Impact Items
⬛Show Stoppers
⬛Delegating Responsibilities
⬛Project review
General Requirements
⬛Company Policies
⬛Site Description, Background
⬛Site Security
⬛Emergency Response
Identifying Project-Specific Requirements
⬛Job Hazard Analysis
⬛Select activities with highest risk
⬛Break activity into individual components
⬛Identify potential hazards in each component
⬛Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard
Contractor Prequalification
⬛Must complete prequalification
⬛Incident rates
⬛Experience Modification Rates (EMR)
⬛OSHA recordable cases
⬛General company information
⬛Safety programs
⬛Medical surveillance programs
⬛Management philosophy
Project Start-Up
⬛Review Contractor’s
⬛Scope of work
⬛H&S plan
⬛Site-Specific
training
⬛Pre-Construction Meeting
Determine Contractor Relationship
⬛Identify
who supervises contractor employees
⬛Must have on-site project supervisor/manager
⬛Must share responsibility/liability
Contractor Project Management
⬛Must share responsibility/liability
⬛Must be able to interpret/manage safety programs, solve
problems effectively
⬛Must have skills to recognize legal, financial, and customer
relations
Contractor-Management Responsibilities
⬛29 CFR 1926.16(d)
⬛“Where joint responsibilities exists both the prime and their
subcontractor or subcontractors, regardless of tier, shall be
considered subject to the enforcement provisions of this Act”
⬛29 CFR 1926.16(c)
⬛“With respect to subcontracted work, the prime contractor and any
subcontractor or subcontractors shall be deemed to have joint
responsibility”
Develop Emergency Response
⬛Qualifiedto Perform
⬛Equipment/Response Time Adequate
⬛Aware of Operations and Hazards
Problems with Emergency Response
⬛Guidelines NOT Followed
⬛Improper Initial Response
⬛Non-functioning Equipment
⬛Environmental Conditions
Emergency Response Critique
⬛OSHA/EPA Requirements
⬛Reviews Incidents
⬛Develops New Procedures
⬛Enhances Training
Continual Improvement
⬛Guidelines must be created for improvement
⬛Company policies
⬛Contractors rules/procedures
⬛H&S Plan
⬛Learning from mistakes
⬛Safety must be measured and monitored
Reviewing On-Going Operations
⬛Conduct site safety inspections
⬛Review training records and work permits
⬛Review air monitoring data
⬛Review how deficiencies are detected and corrected
⬛Conduct progress meetings
Summary
⬛Eliminatehazards
⬛Reduce risks when hazards cannot be eliminated
⬛Provide warning devices
⬛Develop and implement procedures and training
Summary (Continued)
⬛Engineering controls
⬛Preferred
⬛Permanent
⬛Not as dependent on human errors as other types of controls, and is
less likely to fail
– Problem is usually corrected for good
Summary (Continued)
⬛Accountability must be present
⬛Management commitment must be visible
⬛Teamwork is a requisite for success
⬛“Paper” safety programs are not acceptable
