SUPERVISED AND
UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
WHAT IS SUPERVISED LEARNING ?
• Supervised Learning is a machine learning paradigm for acquiring the
input-output relationship information of a system based on a given
set of paired input-output training samples. As the output is regarded
as the label of the input data or the supervision, an input-output
training sample is also called labelled training data, or supervised
data. Occasionally, it is also referred to as Learning with a Teacher
• The goal of supervised learning is to build an artificial system that can
learn the mapping between the input and the output, and can predict
the output of the system given new inputs.
DEFINITION
• Supervised Learning can be
defined as a machine learning
paradigm for acquiring the input-
output relationship information
of a system based on a given set
of paired input-output training
samples
HOW IT WORKS
• Supervised learning is where you have input variables (x) and an output variable (Y) and you
use an algorithm to learn the mapping function from the input to the output.
:Y = f(X).
The goal is to approximate the mapping function so well that when you have new input data
(x) that you can predict the output variables (Y) for that data.
It is called supervised learning because the process of an algorithm learning from the training
dataset can be thought of as a teacher supervising the learning process. We know the correct
answers, the algorithm iteratively makes predictions on the training data and is corrected by
the teacher. Learning stops when the algorithm achieves an acceptable level of performance.
supervised machine learning algorithms are:
Linear regression for regression problems.
Random forest for classification and regression problems.
Support vector machines for classification problems.
WHY SUPERVISED LEARNING
• all classes or analog outputs manipulated by the algo-rithm of this
paradigm are meaningful to humans. And it can be easily used for
discriminative pattern classifi-Training Data Set {(x1,y1), ..., (xn,yn)}
Learning System Abitrator (-) Error Signal xi yi ỹi
APPLICATIONS OF SUPERVISED
LEARNING
• Supervised Learning enables a machine to learn the human behaviour
or object behaviour in certain tasks. The learned knowledge can then
be used by the machine to perform similar actions on these tasks. Since
the computing machinery may perform some input-output mappings
much faster and more persistent than the human, machines equipped
with a good supervised learner can perform certain tasks much faster
and accu-rate than the human
• Supervised Learning have been successfully used in areas such as
Information Retrieval, Data Mining, Com-puter Vision, Speech
Recognition, Spam Detection, Bioinformatics, Cheminformatics, and
Market Analysis
PROBLEMS OF SUPERVISED
LEARNING
Supervised learning problems can be further grouped into regression and
classification problems.
• Classification: A classification problem is when the output variable is a category,
such as “red” or “blue” or “disease” and “no disease”.
• Regression: A regression problem is when the output variable is a real value, such
as “dollars” or “weight”.
• Some common types of problems built on top of classification and regression
include recommendation and time series prediction respectively.
DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERVISED
LEARNING
• The difficulty of collecting supervision or labels. When there is a huge volume of
input data, it is prohibitively expensive, if not impossible, to label all of them..
For example, it is not a trivial task to label a huge set of images for im-age
classification.
• as not everything in the real world has a distinctive label, there are uncertainties
and ambiguities in the supervision or labels. For example, the margin for
separating the two concepts of “hot” and “cold” is not distinct; and it is difficult
to name an object that is a cross between a loveseat and a bed
WHAT IS UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
• Unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique, where you do not need to
supervise the model. Instead, you need to allow the model to work on its own to
discover information. It mainly deals with the unlabelled data.
• an example ;
• Let's, take the case of a baby and her family dog.She knows and identifies this dog.
Few weeks later a family friend brings along a dog and tries to play with the baby.
• Baby has not seen this dog earlier. But it recognizes many features (2 ears, eyes,
walking on 4 legs) are like her pet dog. She identifies the new animal as a dog. This
is unsupervised learning, where you are not taught but you learn from the data (in
this case data about a dog.) Had this been supervised learning, the family friend
would have told the baby that it's a dog.
DEFINITION
• Unsupervised learning is a
machine learning technique,
where you do not need to
supervise the model. Instead,
you need to allow the model to
work on its own to discover
information.
HOW IT WORKS
• Unsupervised learning is where you only have input data (X) and no
corresponding output variables.
• The goal for unsupervised learning is to model the underlying structure or
distribution in the data in order to learn more about the data.
• These are called unsupervised learning because unlike supervised learning
above there is no correct answers and there is no teacher. Algorithms are left to
their own devises to discover and present the interesting structure in the data.
Why Unsupervised Learning?
• Unsupervised machine learning finds all kind of unknown patterns in
data.
• Unsupervised methods help you to find features which can be useful
for categorization.
• It is taken place in real time, so all the input data to be analyzed and
labeled in the presence of learners.
• It is easier to get unlabeled data from a computer than labeled data,
which needs manual intervention.
TYPES OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
• Association
• Association rules allow you to establish associations amongst data objects inside
large databases. This unsupervised technique is about discovering interesting
relationships between variables in large databases. For example, people that buy a
new home most likely to buy new furniture.
• Other Examples:
• A subgroup of cancer patients grouped by their gene expression measurements
• Groups of shopper based on their browsing and purchasing histories
• Movie group by the rating given by movies viewers
TYPES OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
• Clustering
• Clustering is an important
concept when it comes to
unsupervised learning. It mainly
deals with finding a structure or
pattern in a collection of
uncategorized data. Clustering
algorithms will process your data
and find natural clusters(groups)
if they exist in the data.
PROBLEMS OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
Unsupervised learning problems can be further grouped into clustering
and association problems.
Clustering: A clustering problem is where you want to discover the
inherent groupings in the data, such as grouping customers by
purchasing behavior.
Association: An association rule learning problem is where you want to
discover rules that describe large portions of your data, such as people
that buy X also tend to buy Y.
APPLICATIONS OF UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
• Clustering automatically split the dataset into groups base on their
similarities
• Anomaly detection can discover unusual data points in your dataset.
It is useful for finding fraudulent transactions
• Association mining identifies sets of items which often occur together
in your dataset
• Latent variable models are widely used for data preprocessing. Like
reducing the number of features in a dataset or decomposing the
dataset into multiple components
Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning
• You cannot get precise information regarding data sorting, and the
output as data used in unsupervised learning is labeled and not known
• Less accuracy of the results is because the input data is not known and
not labeled by people in advance. This means that the machine requires
to do this itself.
• The spectral classes do not always correspond to informational classes.
• The user needs to spend time interpreting and label the classes which
follow that classification.
• Spectral properties of classes can also change over time so you can't have
the same class information while moving from one image to another.
SUPERVISED VS UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
PARAMETERS SUPERVISED MACHINE UNSUPERVISED MACHINE
LEARNING TECHNIQUE LEARNING TECHNIQUE
Input Data Algorithms are trained using labeled Algorithms are used against data
data. which is not labelled
Computational Complexity Supervised learning is a simpler Unsupervised learning is
method. computationally complex
Accuracy Highly accurate and trustworthy Less accurate and trustworthy
method. method.
REFRENCES
• https://www.mathworks.com/discovery/unsupervised-learning.html
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/supervised-
learning
• https://www.guru99.com/unsupervised-machine-learning.html
• https://machinelearningmastery.com/supervised-and-unsupervised-
machine-learning-algorithms/
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/machine_learning/machine_learning
_conclusion.html
• mirrowmedium.com
