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Understanding Electrical Transformers

A transformer works by using electromagnetic induction to change the voltage of an alternating current without changing its frequency. It consists of two coils wound around an iron core. The coil connected to the power source is the primary winding, and the other coil is the secondary winding. Depending on the ratio of turns between the primary and secondary windings, the transformer can either step up or step down the voltage. A step-up transformer increases voltage but decreases current, while a step-down transformer decreases voltage but increases current. Transformers have no moving parts and can transfer power efficiently between 99-100%.

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147 views16 pages

Understanding Electrical Transformers

A transformer works by using electromagnetic induction to change the voltage of an alternating current without changing its frequency. It consists of two coils wound around an iron core. The coil connected to the power source is the primary winding, and the other coil is the secondary winding. Depending on the ratio of turns between the primary and secondary windings, the transformer can either step up or step down the voltage. A step-up transformer increases voltage but decreases current, while a step-down transformer decreases voltage but increases current. Transformers have no moving parts and can transfer power efficiently between 99-100%.

Uploaded by

ImranMemon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Title Page: Cover page introducing the topic of transformers, displaying the presentation title and author.
  • Introduction: Provides an overview of the usefulness and operations of transformers, introducing the document's main themes.
  • Transformer Basics: Covers the fundamental components and efficiency of transformers, emphasizing their static design and core structure.
  • Types of Transformers: Describes various transformer types including their specific applications and operational differences.
  • Transformer Operations: Discusses the theoretical principles and applications underlying transformer functionality, including electromagnetic induction laws and operational efficiency.

•

ELECTRICAL
TRANSFORMER

• By: Imran Rafique (13 EL 13)


1
INTRODUCTION
• Transformer is probably one of the most useful
electrical devices ever invented.
• It can change the magnitude of alternating
voltage or current from one value to another.
• This useful property of transformer is mainly
responsible for the widespread use of alternating
currents rather than direct currents.
• In T/F Electrical power is generated, transmitted
and distributed in the form of alternating
current.
2
• Transformers have no moving parts, they
also have every high efficiency as high as
99%.
• A transformer is a static piece of
equipment used either for raising or
lowering the voltage of an A.C supply with
the corresponding of decreasing or
increasing in current. It essentially
consisits of two windings, the primary and
the secondary, wound on a common
laminated magnetic core. 3
4
• The winding that is connected to the A.C
source is called primary winding (or
primary) and the remaining that is
connected to the load is secondary winding
(or secondary).
• The alternating voltage V1 whose
magnitude is to be changed is applied the
the primary. Depending upon the number
of turns of the primary (N1) and secondary
(N2). An alternating e.m.f (E2) is induced in
the secondary. This induced e.m.f E2 in the
secondary causes a secondary current I2
5
• consequently, terminal voltage V2 will
appear across the load. If V2 > v1, it is
called a step-up transformer. On the other
hand, if V2<V1, it is called a step-down
transformer.

6
STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
• The kind of transformer whose secondary
voltage is greater then primary voltage
• In this kind of transformer number of
turns in the primary is less than the
secondary.
• Step up transformer is step up the voltage
and step down the current, greater the
output voltage lesser will be its current.
7
STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
• The kind of transformer whose output
(secondary) is less than its input
(primary).
• In step-down transformer the number of
turns in the primary is greater than
secondary.
• Step-down transformer step down the
voltage but step up the current, lessor the
voltage greater will be its current.
8
ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
• In isolation T/F Input voltage is equal to
output voltage.
• The number of turn in the primary is equal
to the number of turns in secondary.
• Input current is equals to output current.
• Isolation transformers are not connected
electrically or physically.

9
10
How Transformer Works

• When an alternating voltage V1 is applied


to the primary, it converts into megnetic
flux and again into voltage V2.
• This alternating megnetic flux links both
the windings (primary and secondary) and
induce e.m.f.s E1 and E2 in them.

11
• According to faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction. The emf E1 is
termed as primary e.m.f, and e.m.f E2 is
termed as secondary e.m.f.
Mathematically:
E1 = -N1 dΦ/dt
and E2 = -N2 dΦ/dt
E2/E1 = N2/N1

12
• Note that magnides of E2 and E1 depend
upon the number of turns on the
secondary and the primary respectively.
• If N2 > N1 then E2>E1 (or V2>V1) and we
get a step-up transformer. On the other
hand, if N2<N1, than E2<E1 (or V2 <V1) and
we get a step-down T/F.

13
• The following points may be noted
carefully. . .
1. The transformer action is based on the
laws of electromagnetic induction.
2. There is no electrical connection between
the primary and the secondary. The A.C
power is transferred from primary to
secondary through magnetic flux.
3. There is no change in frequency i.e. out
power has the same frequency as the
input power.
14
4. The losses that occur in a transformer
are:
(a) Core losses – eddy current and
hysteresis losses.
(b) copper losses – in the resistance of the
windings.
In practice, these losses are very small so
that output secondary power is nearly
equal to the input primary power. In other
words, A transformer has very high
Efficiency. . .
15
•THANK YOU

PRESENTATION BY: IMRAN RAFIQUE (13 EL 13)

16

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