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COOLING
TOWERS
MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS III
Team:
Alejandra Omañ an Parra
Alan Yosseth Fuentes Gonzá lez
René Ivá n Muñ oz Barran
Jorge Martín Vá zquez García
Ana Arided Amor Rascó n
Cooling or cooling towers are structures
designed to lower the temperature of water and
other means.
• The main use of large industrial cooling towers is to lower the temperature of
the cooling water used in power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants,
natural gas processing plants and other industrial facilities
The different types of cooling towers according to
their heat transfer mechanism are:
• Wet cooling towers • Dry cooling towers
WET COOLING TOWER
Wet Cooling Towers
Wet cooling towers use water to
cool machinery that heats up
(hence the "wet" part of the
name) and these towers use the
natural process of evaporation
to cool machinery
• These towers rely on an exchange of heat
between the machinery, the water in the
tower, and the air passing through the
tower.
• When a process or machine part begins to
heat up, water in the cooling tower passes
through a labyrinth in the structure, and as
it passes through, it absorbs excess heat.
This warm water then comes into direct
contact with cool air passing through the
tower; the direct interaction causes the
warmest water droplets to evaporate into
the air, which continues passing through the
tower and out into the atmosphere.
The water that's left becomes cool again,
and can be pumped back through the
system to absorb heat again.
• Although wet cooling towers
absorb "waste" heat and
technically produce
"emissions,"
• it's important to realize that
this "waste" is simply a
byproduct of a system
process, and that the
"emissions" are simply
heated water droplets --
not at all like the harmful
carbon dioxide emissions
that are produced from
burning fuel.
DRY COOLING TOWER
Dry cooling towers
• Dry cooling towers conduct heat transfer
through air-cooled heat exchangers that
separate the working fluid from the cooling
air.
• There is not direct contact between the
working fluid and the ambient air, therefore
there is no water loss in this system.
INSTALLATION DETAILS
Dry cooling towers have two basic types:
direct and indirect systems.
DIRECT DRY COOLING TOWER
• In a direct dry cooling tower, turbine exhaust steam is
condensed directly through an air-cooled condenser
(ACC). the turbine exhaust flows directly into the
tubes of ACC. A large-diameter piping is used at the
turbine outlet to accommodate the relatively low
steam densities (compared with water) and reduce
the pressure drop through the route.
• The exhaust steam flows inside
the tubes of ACC and is
condensed by transferring the
heat to the flowing air outside
the surface of the heat
exchanger
INDIRECT DRY COOLING TOWER
• With indirect dry cooling tower, the
turbine exhaust steam is condensed in
a surface heat exchanger called
condenser where the heat of the
exhaust steam is transferred to the
cold water pumped from the air-
cooled heat exchanger located inside
the cooling tower.
• The cooling water gains the heat
in the condenser and is pumped
back to the heat exchanger
inside the cooling tower. Air is
introduced to flow across the
exterior surface of the heat
exchanger to cool the hot water
inside the heat exchanger tubes.
• The cooled water inside the heat exchanger tubes is then pumped
back to the condenser. The turbine exhaust is condensed by
the circulating water rather by the ambient air directly; hence, it gets
the name of indirect cooling
Regarding the draft of the air in the tower there are three types of cooling
towers:
• Natural shot, which uses a tall chimney.
• Induced draft, in which the fan is placed at the top of the
tower (they propel the air creating a small vacuum inside
the tower)
• Mechanical draft (or forced draft), which uses the power
of ventilation motors to propel the air into the tower
(standing at the base)
let's see some real life examples
Sewage Cooling
Towers
Cooling towers of the food industry
Cooling towers in the hotel industry
Cooling towers in refineries
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Garlobo Cruz, L. M. (2006). Simulation of working with cooling filled towers. Chemical
Technology, 1-7.
• Guillen Gordin, R. M. (2005). Simulation of the Heat and Mass Transfer of the Cooling Tower.
Chemical Teconology, 1-9.
• Toluca Technology Institute, I. Q. (March 15, 2009). HVACYR world. Obtained from https://
www.mundohvacr.com.mx/2009/03/torres-de-enfriamiento/
