ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
LECTURER ASSISTANT
VETERINARY HISTOLOGY
2020
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Endocrine Organs:
– Cell : Argentafin cell (in stomach = produce gastrin)
– Gland structure, in organ : Langerhans Island ( in pancreas = produce
insulin)
– Organ :
• Pituitary Gland
• Thyroid Gland
• Parathyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Pineal Gland (Epifise Cerebri)
• Gonad Gland (ovarium & testis)
1. PITUITARY GLAND
ANTERIOR LOBE
• Pituitary Pars Distalis
POSTERIOR LOBE
• Pituitary Pars Intermedia
• Pituitary Pars Nervosa
PITUITARY PARS DISTALIS
Consists of:
Chromofobe
Chromophil
• Acidophil
• Basophil
PITUITARY PARS NERVOSA
Arranged by non-myelinated
nerve fibers.
Specialized structure:
Herring's bodies.
2. THYROID GLAND
Consists: Follicle cell (round form), parafollicle cell
Follicle cell: 1 space filled with colloid substance,
surrounded by simple cuboidal epithel
Parafollicle cell: cells between follicles
Reabsorption vacuole
3. PARATHYROID GLAND
A lot of adipose tissue
Has 2 cells:
• Chief cells.
• Oxyfil cells.
4. ADRENAL GLAND
Divided into 2 parts: Cortex
and Medula.
Cortex has 3 zones:
• Zona Glomerulosa
• Zona Fasiculata
• Zona Reticularis
Medula contains a lot of
ganglion & blood vessels.
Arranged on chromafin
cells.
5. PANCREAS
Function as both endocrine & exocrine
Endocrine : Langerhans Island
6. PINEAL GLAND
Consists of non-myelinated
nerve fibers. (compare with
Pituitary pars nervosa)
Specialized structure:
mineralization called brain
sand.
HORMONE PRODUCED BY GLAND
Kelenjar Endokrin Penghasil Hormon
GH
Sel Asidofil
Prolactin
TSH
1. Hipofise Pars Distalis LH
Sel Basofil ICSH
ACTH
FSH
ADH / vasopresin
2. Hipofise Pars Nervosa Sel pituisit
Oksitosin
Tiroksin
Sel folikuler
3. Tiroid Tri-iodotironin
Kalsitonin
Sel Parafolikuler Tirokalsitonin
HORMONE PRODUCED BY GLAND
Kelenjar Endokrin Penghasil Hormon
4.. Paratiroid Chief cell Parathormon /
hormon paratiroid
Zona Glomerulosa Mineralokortikoid
Zona Fasikulata Glukokortikoid
5. Korteks Adrenal (sel spongiosit)
Zona Retikularis Androgen
Katekolamin
Sel kromafin (Epinphrine & Nor
6. Medula Adrenal Epinephrine)
7. Pankreas Sel Alpha Glukagon
Sel Beta Insulin
RESPIRATION SYSTEM
LECTURER ASSISTANT
VETERINARY HISTOLOGY
2020
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• No gaseous exchange.
Conductio • Located: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
n Region trachea, bronchus & its branches.
• Has gaseous exchange.
Respiration • Located: Respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts, atria, alveolar sacs,
Region alveolar.
NASAL CAVITY
• Divided into 2 parts by nasal septum.
RESPIRATORY & OLFACTORY REGION
RESPIRATORY REGION DIFFERENCE OLFACTORY REGION
Pseudostratified columnar Epithel Pseudostratified columnar +
epithel + kinocillia + Goblet cell kinocillia (thick epithel)
(thin epithel)
Goblet cell Cell in epithel Olfactory cell, sustentacular cell,
basal cell
Seromucous Gland Serous (Bowman gland)
Area without olfactory region Position Above nasal cavity
Concha nasal superior
Nasal septum
In both at lamina propria has sinus venosus.
For both regions, lamina propria merged with the tissue below:
1. With mature connective tissue: muco-periosteum
2. With hyaline cartilage: muco-perichondrium
Another name for no (1) & (2) is Schnederian membrane.
RESPIRATORY REGION
sinus venosus
OLFACTORY REGION
Epithel
Bowman gland
sinus venosus
Olfactory vila
Hyaline cartilage
Sustentacular cell
Olfactory cell
Basal cell
FORM: NASAL SEPTUM
• Consists of
- Bones tissue
- Hyaline cartilage tissue
• Has 2 mucosa
1. Respiratory region
2. Olfactory region
FORM: CONCHA NASAL
• 3 curved bone protrusions at the lateral wall
of nasal cavity.
• Surrounded by olfactory & respiratory,
depends on location.
• Structure:
– Turbinate bone
– Plexus venosus
FORM: CONCHA NASAL
LARYNX
• Has 2 mucosa folding:
– Vocal Plicae
– Ventricular Plicae
• Between both plicae, there is a space called:
larynx sinus of Morgagni.
LARYNX
Vocal Plicae Ventricular Plicae
• Stratified squamous non- • Pseudostratified columnar
keratinized epithel epithel
• No gland found • Has gland – Seromucous
• Has vocal muscle (skeletal Gland
muscle) • No skeletal muscle found
EPIGLOTIS
• Elastic cartilage.
• Has 2 side:
– Epiglotis pharyngeal/oral side
– Epiglotis laryngeal side
EPIGLOTIS PHARYNGEAL EPIGLOTIS LARYNGEAL
Thick stratified squamous Thin stratified squamous epithel
epithel
No gland Has seromucous gland
Has papil propria (wave-like) No papil propria (straight)
EPIGLOTIS
EPIGLOTIS PHARYNGEAL SIDE
EPIGLOTIS LARYNGEAL SIDE
TRACHEA
• Trachea & extrapulmonal bronchus has similar
structure.
• Structure:
– Hyaline cartilage shaped as a “C”/horse shoe
– Pseudostratified columnar epithel with kinocillia & goblet cell
– Lamina propria: Elastic fibers
– Submucosa: seromucous/serous gland.
• Identification of trachea:
– Thyroid gland can be found near to trachea
– Has oesophagus
INTRAPULMONAL BRONCHUS
• Bronchus entered pulmo.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithel with
kinocillia & goblet cell.
• Cartilage made into like an island.
• Spiral smooth muscle surrounds bronchus &
looks unconnected.
• Tunica adventitia: has Bronchialis Artery &
Vein
INTRAPULMONAL BRONCHUS
BRONCHIOLUS
• No bone cartilage
• No gland
• Pseudostratified columnar with cillia
• Large bronchiolus : (+) goblet cell
• Small bronchiolus : (-) goblet cell, replaced
with clara cell
TERMINAL BRONCHIOLUS & RESPIRATORY
BRONCHIOLUS
Terminal Bronchiolus Respiratory Bronchiolus
• Last branch of bronchiolus • Elastis fibers(+)
• Can be seen on longitudinal • Simple cuboidal -> simple
view squamous + cilia epithel
• Short segment before • Thick, discontinue smooth
became Respiratory muscle
Bronchiolus • Has alveoli inlet
• No alveoli inlet
ALVEOLAR DUCT
• Group of alveoli forms a channel
• Simple squamous epithel
INTERALVEOLAR SEPTUM
•CAPILLARY
•TYPE I CELL: flat
•TYPE II CELL: cuboidal
•ALVEOLAR PORE
•ALVEOLAR MAKROPHAGE
•ELASTIC FIBERS
•RETICULAR FIBERS
•SMOOTH MUSCLES (-)
Type 1 Cell
Type 1 Cell
Type 2 Cell
BLOOD VESSELS
• Pulmonalis A. Branches
– Branches that follows the bronchus branching until respiratory
bronchiolus. Later, join together with capillaries on the
interalveolar.
– Pulmonalis V. Branches
– Goes from septa, then goes along together with Pulmonalis A.
Branches.
• Bronchialis A. & V.
– Nutrition
– Smaller
– Located in tunica adventitia of bronchus.
CABANG A. PULMONALIS
Pulmonalis A.
Branches
CABANG V. PULMONALIS
Pulmonalis V.
Branches
Bronchialis A./V.
Pulmonalis A.
Branches
THANK YOU.
