CHAPTER 3
MATTER
BY: NOR SHAFIZAN BT.
NORDIN
MATTER
State of matter Concept of density
The use of properties
a) Concept of matter in everyday
a) What is matter
Matter has mass life
made up of? b) Simple problems
and occupy space
on density a) Application of the
b) Three state of different state of
a) What is thing c) Why some solid
matter matter
b) What is matter and liquid floating
c) Arrangement and d) Solving simple b) Application of
development of daily problem related density
particles in matter To density
Matter has mass
and occupy space
a) THING b) MATTER
• Definition: all things around us have
mass and occupy space. • Definition: anything that has
mass and occupy space is
• Example: called matter
• Books in the bag
• Everything around us is
matter
– Living
– Non living
• Water in beaker
• Air in balloon
State of matter
a) What is matter made up of ?
• Matter made up of very small particles
• There are spaces between particles because
they are discrete
• To prove we use copper sulphate diffusion test
• Particles of matter can move
b) Three state of matter
1) Solid
• Example: rocks, animals, trees
2) Liquid
• Example: tea, rain, perfumes, alcohol
3) Gas
• Example: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
dioxide
c) Arrangement and development of
particles in matter
SOLID LIQUID GAS
DIAGRAM
PARTICLES quite close but not as very far from each
ARRANGMENT close solid other
vibrate on their own move freely over one move freely at
MOVEMENT position another random
FORCE BETWEEN
PARTICLES very strong less strong weak
KINETIC ENERGY little energy more energy a lot of energy
DENSITY high moderate low
Concept of density
a) Concept
• 1) General concept
• Every different thing of the same volume do not
have the same mass
• Example stone and wood with the same volume.
• Stone have more mass than wood
• Stone have high density than wood
• 2) Definition
• Density is defined as the quantity of mass
contained in the substance for a unit volume
• 3) Formula
DENSITY= MASS
VOLUME
• 4) Unit
• kg/m3 (kilogram per cubic metre)
• g/cm3 (gram per cubic centimeter)
• 1ml=1cm3
Experiment: Finding the density of
an object
Weigh the mass of 5 marbles 30g
Reading of water level without marbles (initial reading) 20ml
Reading the water level after putting in 5 marbles 30ml
Volume of 5 marbles (30-20)ml
10ml
1ml=1cm³
10ml=10cm³
Density of marbles
D= mass/volume D= 30g/10cm³
D= 3g/cm³
b) Simple problems on density
c) Why some solid and liquid floating
STATE MATERIAL DENSITY(g/cm3)
• Ability of the substance to float is
depend on it density compared to SOLID Cork 0.25
the density of water. Teak wood 0.85
Glass 2.6
Copper 8.9
•Density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 Lead 11.4
Gold 19
• Substance with density lower
than 1.0g/cm3 ( 1.0g/cm3) will
LIQUID Kerosene 0.7
float in the water
Alcohol 0.8
•Ex: cork, alcohol, oxygen Water 1
Sea water 1.03
Mercury 13.6
• Substance with density higher
than 1.0g/cm3 ( 1.0g/cm3) will GAS Hydrogen 0.00009
sink in the water Oxygen 0.0014
•Ex: lead, mercury Air 0.0012
d) Solving simple daily problem
related to density
• To identify the purity of the
substances
• Coz density of the substance is fixed
• Example : gold’s density is 19.3g/cm3. The
more or less amount from that indicate that the
gold is fake.
• To carry heavy object
• Use helium gas
• Example: special balloon filled with helium gas
then the balloons tied to the heavy object.
The use of properties of matter in
everyday life
a) Application of the different state of matter
• Each state has it’s own characteristic and benefit
• Gas
• Special properties of gas is easily compressed and liquefied under high
pressure.
• So gas used as fuel under high pressure and stored in gas cylinder for easy use
and transport.
• Pumped into tyres to be used as wheel due to it easily compressed property.
• Compressed oxygen used in hospitals to supply oxygen
• Diver used aqualungs which contain liquefied oxygen to stay longer underwater
• Liquid
• Special properties of liquid is takes up the shape of its container and easily
diffuse
• Used as perfume and liquor with beautiful containers
• Solid
• Special properties of solid is strong substance
• Material such as iron used to build bridges and tracks
b) Application of density
1. Hot air balloons
2. Floats
3. Rafts
4. Logs
5. Fishing net
6. Submarines
• Submarines can change its density because the
exiatance of large ballast tank.
• Submarine moving down : filling the ballast tank with
sea water makes the submarines denser than sea
water and sinks.
• Submarines rising : emptying the ballast tank makes
the submarine less dense and enables it to rise to the
surface of the sea.
THE END
Exercises
• 3.1 (no. 1,2)
• 3.2(no. 2,3)
• 3.3 (no. 1-7)
• 3.4(no. 1-3)
• Summary chart
• Review question (all)
