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Fluid Statics: Pascal & Archimedes

This document discusses fluid statics and key principles including: 1) Pascal's principle which states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and container walls. 2) Archimedes' principle which states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. 3) Applications of these principles including hydraulic lifts which use small forces on small pistons to generate large forces on large pistons based on Pascal's principle, and buoyancy which allows objects to float based on Archimedes' principle.

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Armmy Agawin
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856 views20 pages

Fluid Statics: Pascal & Archimedes

This document discusses fluid statics and key principles including: 1) Pascal's principle which states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and container walls. 2) Archimedes' principle which states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. 3) Applications of these principles including hydraulic lifts which use small forces on small pistons to generate large forces on large pistons based on Pascal's principle, and buoyancy which allows objects to float based on Archimedes' principle.

Uploaded by

Armmy Agawin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Statics Part 2

Learning Competencies

The learners shall be able to Apply


Pascal’s principle in analyzing fluids in
various systems (STEM_GP12FM-IIf-43);
apply the concept of buoyancy and
Archimedes’ principle (STEM_GP12FM-
IIf-44);
Solve problems involving fluids
(STEM_GP12FM-IIf-47)
Pascal’s principle

Pressure applied to an
enclosed fluid is transmitted
undiminished to every
portion of the fluid and the
walls of the containing
vessel.
If a force F1 is exerted on A1, P1 = F1/A1
Show hydraulic system....
since pressure exerted on a smaller
chamber will be transmitted
undiminished throughout the fluid in
the enclosed chambers, therefore P1=P2
Consequently,
F1/A1 = F2/A2 or F2 = F1A2/A1
Example 1

A hydraulic lift is supporting a car of mass 1,000 kg.


If the cross sectional area of the smaller chamber is
1m2 and that of the bigger chamber is 4 m2, what
force can be applied on top of the movable piston on
the smaller chamber to support the car at the bigger
chamber?
Given: A1 = 1m2

A2 = 4m2
F2 = weight of the 1,000 kg car = 1000 kg
(9.8 m/s2) = 9800 N
Required: F1
Solution:
F1=F2A1/A2
= 9800 N (1m )/4 m
2 2

= 2, 450 N
A common application of Pascal’s
Principle is a hydraulic lift used to
raise a car off the ground so it can be
repaired.
A small force applied to a small-area
piston is transformed to a large force
at a large-area piston. If a car sits on
top of the large piston, it can be lifted
by applying a relatively small force to
the smaller piston.
Archimedes’s Principle

When a body is completely or


partially immersed in a fluid,
the fluid exerts an upward force
on the body equal to the weight
of the fluid displaced by the
body.
Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by


the fluid is called buoyant force.
As stated by Archimedes’
Principle this force is equal to
the weight of the fluid displaced
by the body.
where FB is the buoyant force
ρf is the density of the displaced fluid
Vf is the volume of the displaced fluid
g is the acceleration due to gravity
NOTE:

If the weight of the


submerged object is greater
than the buoyant force, it will
SINK. If the weight of the
submerged object is less than
the buoyant force, it will
FLOAT.
Some examples of buoyancy

1. Fishuse volume change as a means


of altering buoyancy. A fish has an
internal swim bladder, which is
filled with gas. When it needs to
rise or descend, it changes the
volume in its swim bladder, which
then changes its density.
2. Swimming in fresh water and salt
water shows that buoyant force
also depends on the density of the
fluid. Fresh water has a density of
1.00 x 103 kg/m3 while that of salt
water is 1.03 x 103 kg/m3. Thus,
salt water provides more buoyant
force than fresh water.
Boats float, even though
3.

it weighs a lot, because it


displaces a huge amount
of water that weighs even
more.
Practice!

A 15.0-kg solid gold statue is being


raised from a sunken ship. What is
the tension in the hoisting cable
when the statue is at rest and
a. completely immersed?
b. out of the water?
Given: mass of the gold statue m = 15.0
kg, density of gold ρg = 1.93 x 104 kg/m3),
density of salt water ρf = 1.03 x 103 kg/m3
Drawing the free-body diagram for the
first case (a)
Since the statue is completely immersed,
the volume of displaced fluid is equal to the
volume of the statue.
A container is filled with oil and fitted on
both ends with pistons. The area of the left
piston is 10 mm2; that of the right piston
10,000 mm2. What force must be exerted
on the left piston to keep the 10,000-N car
on the right at the same height?
A. 10N
B. 100N
C. 10,000N
D. 106N
E. insufficient information
THANK YOU!

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