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Operating System Interface Overview

An operating system is system software that allows users and applications to interact with computer hardware. The main functions of an operating system are to create a virtual interface between users/programs and hardware, manage computer resources, and launch programs. An operating system has a kernel that is the core and a shell interface between users and the kernel. Operating systems provide services like program execution, I/O device access, file management, error handling, and communication. The core components are a process manager, memory manager, file manager, and I/O manager.

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46 views16 pages

Operating System Interface Overview

An operating system is system software that allows users and applications to interact with computer hardware. The main functions of an operating system are to create a virtual interface between users/programs and hardware, manage computer resources, and launch programs. An operating system has a kernel that is the core and a shell interface between users and the kernel. Operating systems provide services like program execution, I/O device access, file management, error handling, and communication. The core components are a process manager, memory manager, file manager, and I/O manager.

Uploaded by

Vamee Asuncion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Operating

System
Fundamentals
Operating System

-system software that allows users or the


application programs they are using to
interact with the computer hardware in an
easy and convenient manner
Major functions of an operating system:

• It creates a virtual machine interface


between the user/application program and
the hardware.

• It acts as the computer’s resource


manager or resource allocator.
 
• It functions as the program launcher.
Two parts of an operating system:

• Kernel – is the heart and soul of the


operating system
 
• Shell – is the part of the operating system
that serves as the interface between users
and the kernel
Two kinds of shell:

Command-line Interface
- requires users to type the commands at a
prompt
Two kinds of shell:

Graphical user interface (GUI) 


- users enter commands by either using
drop-down menus or by clicking on icons
using a mouse pointer
Services provided by an operating system:

• Program execution
• Access to I/O devices  
• File system management
• System access
• Error handling
• Communication
Core components of an operating system:

• Process manager
• Memory manager
• File manager  
• I/O manager
History of 
Operating Systems

Serial processing (first generation) 


• There were no operating systems, so
these computers were “bare” machines.

• Computers can only be used by one


person at a time.
History of 
Operating Systems

• There were no keyboards during this time


so user commands are entered by using
toggle switches.
 
• High-level programming languages were
developed and entered into the computer
by using punched cards.
History of 
Operating Systems

Batch systems (second generation)


• Similar jobs are grouped together and
processed as a batch.
History of 
Operating Systems

Multiprogrammed systems (third generation) 


• Multiprogramming, which means concurrent
execution of two or more programs by a
single CPU, was implemented.
History of 
Operating Systems

Time-sharing systems (fourth generation) 


• Operating systems during this time were
designed to be time-sharing or multitasking
operating systems.
Two kinds of multiprocessor systems:
• Symmetric multiprocessors (SMP)
• Asymmetric multiprocessors (AMP)
History of 
Operating Systems
Networked and distributed systems
• Network operating systems allow the
sharing of resources among computers
connected in a network.
• In distributed systems, there is a high level
of transparency in such a way that the entire
system is perceived by a user as one big,
powerful computing machine instead of
several cooperating computers.
Goals of a distributed operating system:

• Transparency
• Parallelism
• Reliability
History of 
Operating Systems
Real-time systems
• These are computers that operate on a very
strict time constraint.
Handheld systems 
• These are characterized by being battery
powered, having slower processors
compared to PCs, and having smaller
memory.

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