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Understanding Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

This document provides information about LEDs (light emitting diodes). It defines LEDs as semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through them. Electrons and holes combine within the semiconductor material to produce light. LEDs come in different shapes, sizes, and colors depending on the semiconductor material used. Common materials include indium gallium nitride, aluminum gallium indium phosphide, and aluminum gallium arsenide. Major applications of LEDs include TV and smartphone backlighting, displays, automotive lighting, and traffic lights due to advantages like low energy use, long life, and flexibility.

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Arian Salem
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378 views10 pages

Understanding Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

This document provides information about LEDs (light emitting diodes). It defines LEDs as semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through them. Electrons and holes combine within the semiconductor material to produce light. LEDs come in different shapes, sizes, and colors depending on the semiconductor material used. Common materials include indium gallium nitride, aluminum gallium indium phosphide, and aluminum gallium arsenide. Major applications of LEDs include TV and smartphone backlighting, displays, automotive lighting, and traffic lights due to advantages like low energy use, long life, and flexibility.

Uploaded by

Arian Salem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARIAN SALEM

Physics Project: LED


Definition:
LED or light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light
source that emits light when current flows through
it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with
electron holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons.
In the simplest terms,
a light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that
emits light when an electric current is passed through it.
Light is produced when the particles that carry the current
(known as electrons and holes) combine together within the
semiconductor material.
Different Types:
LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The color of the
plastic lens is often the same as the actual color of light emitted, but not
always. For instance, purple plastic is often used for infrared LEDs, and
most blue devices have colorless housings. Modern high-power LEDs
such as those used for lighting and backlighting are generally found
 .in surface-mount-technology packages
Different Color:
By selection of different semiconductor materials, single-color LEDs can be made
that emit light in a narrow band of wavelengths from near-infrared through the
visible spectrum and into the ultraviolet range. As the wavelengths become
shorter, because of the larger band gap of these semiconductors, the operating
voltage of the LED increases.
Main LED materials:
The main semiconductor materials used to manufacture LEDs
are:

1. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN): blue, green and ultraviolet


high-brightness LEDs

2. Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP): yellow,


orange and red high-brightness LEDs

3. Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs): red and infrared LEDs

4. Gallium phosphide (GaP): yellow and green LEDs


Applications:
The major uses of LED (Light Emitting Diodes) is to illuminate objects and even
places. Its application is everywhere due to its compact size, low consumption of
energy, extended lifetime and flexibility in terms of use in various applications.

Applications and Uses of LEDs can be seen in:

TV Backlighting

Smartphone Backlighting

LED displays

Automotive Lighting

Dimming of lights
For example, LEDs used for TV Backlighting:

A TV’s backlight is the major power consuming source. Uses of LEDs can
give a efficient power reduction. In the edges of TV, using an LED will be
a cost reduction choice. Using LEDs directly behind the display provides
better contrast. LEDs has been replacing CFLs and LCDs when it comes
to TV backlighting.
For another example we can consider the traffic lights:
Unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs, there is no filament. LED traffic signals
use high-brightness LEDs connected together to build a cluster consisting of
hundreds of LEDs. LED lights only produce light in the desired colors, such as
red, yellow or green, making them ideal for traffic signals.
Thank You

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