Scribd
Upload
243 views26 pages

Comprehensive Guide to Valves

Valves are devices that regulate the flow of gases, fluids, slurries or liquids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. There are several ways valves can be classified, including by their mechanical motion, size, pressure-temperature rating, and function. Major valve parts include pressure-retaining components like the body and bonnet, as well as non-pressure retaining parts like the stem, packing, and yoke. Common types of valves are gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and pinch valves. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.

Uploaded by

Satyam Kalra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
243 views26 pages

Comprehensive Guide to Valves

Valves are devices that regulate the flow of gases, fluids, slurries or liquids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. There are several ways valves can be classified, including by their mechanical motion, size, pressure-temperature rating, and function. Major valve parts include pressure-retaining components like the body and bonnet, as well as non-pressure retaining parts like the stem, packing, and yoke. Common types of valves are gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and pinch valves. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.

Uploaded by

Satyam Kalra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Valve Introduction: Defines what a valve is and its core purpose in controlling flow through passageways.
  • Classification of Valves: Classifies valves based on mechanical motion, size, and pressure-temperature rating.
  • Major Valve Parts: Details the major components of a valve, including pressure and non-pressure retaining parts.
  • Gate Valve: Describes the structure, operation, and uses of gate valves, with a focus on flow control and maintenance.
  • Globe Valve: Explains the design and operational features of globe valves, highlighting their application in fluid systems.
  • Selection of Valve: Guides on selecting appropriate valves based on application requirements and specifications.
  • Pinch Valve: Covers the design and functioning of pinch valves, emphasizing their utility in bulk solid control systems.
  • Ball Valves: Highlights the advantages and disadvantages of ball valves in industrial applications.
  • Butterfly Valve: Describes the design and use of butterfly valves in managing fluid flow.

VALVES

What is Valve?

A device that regulates the flow of (either


gases, fluidized solids, slurries or liquids) by
opening, closing or partially obstructing
various passageways.
CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES
 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MECHANICAL MOTION
 Linear motion valve
 Rotary motion valve
 Quarter turn valve

 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VALUE SIZE


 Small valves (NPS 2 and smaller)
 Large valves (NPS 2 1/2 and larger)

 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PRESSURE-TEMP RATING


 Class rating
 Cold working pressure (CWP) rating OR Water-oil-gas rating
 General service rating
 Steam working pressure rating (SWP) rating
 Dual or multiple rating
CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES

 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION

 Isolation
Gate valve, Ball valve, Butterfly valve, Diaphragm valve

 Control (flow/pressure)
Globe valve, Ball valve, Butterfly valve, Diaphragm valve

 Prevention of flow reversal


Check valve (swing, lift, piston, etc.)

 Flow diversion
Ball valve, Plug valve, Angle valve (Three way, Four way, etc.)
MAJOR VALVE PARTS
 PRESSURE RETAINING
PARTS
 Body
 Bonnet or cover
 Bonnet or cover bolting
 Disc
 Valve trim
 Valve seat(s)
 Disc
 Glands etc.
MAJOR VALVE PARTS
 Non-pressure retaining parts
 Valve seat(s)

 Valve stem

 Rising stem with outside screw and yoke

 Rising stem with inside screw

 Non-rising stem with inside screw

 Sliding stem

 Rotary stem

 Stem packing

 Back seat

 Yoke

 Yoke bushing
GATE VALVE
GATE VALVE

 INTRODUCTION
A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid. Gate valves
are sometimes used for regulating flow, but many are
not suited for that purpose, having been designed to be
fully opened or closed. When fully open, the typical gate
valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in
very low friction loss
OUTSIDE SCREW AND YOKE GATE
VALVE(API 600)
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
OF GATE VALVE
 ADVANTAGES
 Pressure drop through the valve is minimal.
 Good shutoff characteristics.
 Operation torque is smaller than those of globe
valves.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Cannot be throttled.
 Not suitable for frequent switch-on/off operation.
 Requires large space envelope for installation,
operation and maintenance.
 Repair or machining of valve seats in place is difficult.
Typical Usage of Gate Valve
 Block valve for control valve
 Pump suction valve
 Pump discharge valve
 Block valve for level controller & level gauge
 Drain valve of equipment
 Drain valve of process & utility line
 First block valve of sampling nozzle
 Block valve for safety valve
 Block valve for equipment
 Block valve for steam trap
 By-pass valve for emergency shut-down valve
 Flow control valve for large size gas & city water line
GLOBE VALVE
GLOBE VALVE

 INTRODUCTION
Globe valves are named for their spherical body shape.
The two halves of the valve body are separated by a
baffle with a disc in the center. Globe valves operate by
screw action of the handwheel. They are used for
applications requiring throttling and frequent operation.
Since the baffle restricts flow, they're not recommended
where full, unobstructed flow is required.
OUTSIDE SCREW AND YOKE GLOBE
VALVE (API 600)
TYPES OF GLOBE VALVE

 Straight type

 Angle type

 Y-type
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
OF GLOBE VALVE
 ADVANTAGES
 Good shutoff capability
 Moderate to good throttling capability
 Easy to machine or resurface the seats
 Flow rate and pressure can be regulated.
 Frequent switch on/off operation can be carried out

 DISADVANTAGES
 Pressure loss is large
 Turbulent flow likely to occur
 Operating torque is larger than that of gate valve
USAGE OF GLOBE VALVE TYPICAL

 Manual flow control valve


 By-pass valve for control valve
 Hose connection
 Vent valve of equipment and piping
 Minimum flow line for pump
 Pressure gauge outlet
 By-pass line of reciprocating compressor
SELECTION OF VALVE
 Identify application characteristics
 Select type of valve required
 Select valve size
 Select valve end connection
 Select valve body, bonnet and trim materials
 Identify seat-leakage criteria
 Identify requirements for valve-stem packing
arrangement
 Be-aware of piping layout and valve orientation
 Taken into consideration maintenance requirements
 Initial cost
Pinch Valve
• Pinch valves are used to control the flow of
bulk solids in pneumatic conveying lines

• Actuation of the valve, the pinching action


is accomplished by air pressure placed on
the sleeve

• The flexible sleeve tightly closes the line

• When the valve is open, there is no


internal parts or geometries that can block
or slow down the flow
Ball Valves
Advantages Disadvantages
•  Poor throttling
• Superior ease of operation
characteristics
•  Difficult to clean,
• Maintains and regulates high volume,
leads to
high pressure, and high temp flow
contamination
• Rugged construction and long
 
service life

• Low purchase and maintenance cost  

• Able to function without side loads  

• Permits inspection and repair of


seats and seals without removing the  
valves' body from the line
• Does not require lubrication
Butterfly Valve

A valve consisting of a
rotating circular plate or
a pair of hinged
semicircular plates,
attached to a transverse
spindle and mounted
inside a pipe in order to
regulate or prevent flow

VALVES VALVES
What is Valve? What is Valve? A device that regulates the flow of (either A device that regulates the flow of (either gases
CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES  CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MECHANICAL MOTION CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MECHANI
CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES  CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION Isola
MAJOR VALVE PARTS MAJOR VALVE PARTS PRESSURE RETAINING PRESSURE RETAINING PARTS PARTS Body Body Bonnet or cover Bonnet o
MAJOR VALVE PARTS MAJOR VALVE PARTS  Non-pressure retaining parts Non-pressure retaining parts Valve seat(s) Valve seat(s)
GATE VALVE GATE VALVE
GATE VALVE GATE VALVE  INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or A gate valve is
OUTSIDE SCREW AND YOKE GATE OUTSIDE SCREW AND YOKE GATE VALVE(API 600) VALVE(API 600)

You might also like