PRESENTATION ON : DENGUE
Department of pharmacy
Group: L
Mukesh shah Teli[55]
Kusum Thapa[56]
Sheetal Thapa[57]
Ambika Upadhaya[58]
Dasarath Yadav[59]
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What is dengue?
Dengue is a mosquito- borne causing a severe
flu like illness
Mostly found in tropical regions and
subtropical regions
It is also known as dengue fever, break bone
fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever
Generally caused by RNA virus of viral family
Flaviviridae
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What is dengue?
Genome contains 110000 nucleotide bases
Having four serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3
and DENV4
It is generally transmitted by aedes aegypti
mosquitoes
Dengue virus
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Dengue in Nepal
It was first reported in Nepal in 2004
32 cases of dengue was confirmed in 2006
Major outbreaks in year 2010 and 2013 with
serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-2
Dengue fever was reported in Nepal in 2016
on June to November
1473 patients with DENV infections visited
and admitted in hospitals in 2016
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Dengue in Nepal from 2004-2018
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Transmission of dengue
A mosquito is a biological vector
It is the obligate intermediate host for dengue
viruses
Andes albopictus/ aegypti are generally
associated
Generally transmitted by the bite of female
mosquitoes during day time
Bite of mosquito leads virus to the
bloodstream of human 6
Transmission of dengue
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Geographic distribution of dengue
In tropical and sub-tropical region
Endemic in over 100 countries
South-east Asia and Western Pacific are most
affected
Before 1970,only nine countries experienced
DHF (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever) but number
has increased more than four fold by 1995
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Geographical distribution of dengue
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Dengue virus infection
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Symptoms of dengue fever
illness is characterized by incubation period of
3-10 days
Rise of temperature as high as 104ॱ F
Intense muscle and joint pain
Pale pink rash appears and then disappears
Fever lasts for 2-4 days rarely more than 7 days
Reddened eyes
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Symptoms of DHF
Headache, high fever(continues and last 2-
7days)
Rash and evidence of hemorrhage in the body
Bleeding in the nose or the gums
Black stool or easy bruising are all possible
signs of hemorrhage
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Symptoms of dengue shock
May start with the sign and symptoms of mild
dengue plus severe abdominal pain
Frequent vomiting
Disorientation
Fluid (plasma) leakage from blood cells
Heavy bleeding
A sudden drop in blood pressure which might
cause death
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Diagnosis of dengue
Travel history and symptom profile
Detection of antibodies against the virus
Complete blood count
Liver function test
Molecular test
Tissue test
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Life cycle of Aedes mosquito
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Life cycle of Aedes mosquito
The mosquito flourishes during the rainy
season
Can breed in water filled flower pots ,plastic
bags and ponds
Under the optimal condition the egg of aedes
mosquitoes can hatch into larva in 2 days
The larva takes seven days to develop into a
pupa
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Life cycle
A pupa can emerge into adult mosquitoes
within five days
Three days after the mosquito has bitten a
person and taken in the blood ,it will lay eggs
and the cycle continues again
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Treatment
As dengue is caused by virus there is no specific
drug
Rest and fluid intake for adequate hydration
Monitoring of signs and symptoms for warning
signs of DHF(Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) or DSS(Dengue shock
syndrome )
Aspirin should be avoided due to anticoagulant
properties
Fever control medicine can be taken
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prevention
The application of appropriate insecticides to larval
habitats
During the outbreaks, emergency control measures
may include the application of insecticides
Sprays can be used to kill adult mosquitoes
Empty clean or cover any standing water that can
prevent breeding of mosquito
Apply insect repellent to skin and clothing
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Prevention
To prevent dengue fever, we must first prevent
the breeding of its vector, the Aedes mosquitoes
The Aedes mosquitoes are easily identifiable by
its distinctive black and white stripes on their
body generally found in stagnant water
We can get rid of the Aedes mosquitoes by
frequently checking and removing stagnant
water
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Preventive measures for travelers
Well screen accommodations or air
conditioning
Apply mosquitoes repellent
Use of mosquitoes coil
Use of long sleeve clothes
Use of mosquito repellent nets
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THANK YOU
QUESTIONS ARE
KINDLY WELCOMED
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