UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
“HYDROGEN AS THE ENERGY OF THE
FUTURE”
STUDENT: NICHOLAS A CHESNEY
LECTURER: MR. VISHAL PERSAUD
INTRODUCTION
we must find energy sources
to meet our energy demands
which increases every year.
INTRODUCTION
The world is shifting its focus from fossil fuels
INTRODUCTION
Our future for energy depends on
renewable sources of energy.
HISTORY
• Can be traced back to the early 1800s.
• The Possibility as a central energy carrier,
1970s. (interreg)
HISTORY
Hydrogen appears in the form of hydrocarbons
Hydrogen has a bad reputation
HISTORY
Hydrogen is used in
Batteries
Sensors
Ferromagnets
Heat pumps
Main Energy Demand
1. Power
2. Heating/Cooling
3. Transport
Challenges of current renewable
Energy sources
1. Intermittency
2. Overcapacity
3. Curtailment
4. Transmission distance
5. CAPEX
6. OPEX
7. Changing market conditions
Chemical & Physical
Characteristics
Exists in gaseous form under
normal temperature and pressure
(293.15K and 1 atm)
Very low boiling point set at -265.76
Degrees Celcius (20.3K)
At ambient temperature.
Chemical & Physical
Characteristics
• Most abundant element on earth.
• Exists in demineralized form.
• Naturally occurs only as part of a
molecule in hydrocarbons and water.
Chemical & Physical
Characteristics of Hydrogen
• Lowest molecular weight (2.0016 g/mol)
• Combustible in a broad concentration
spectrum.
Chemical & Physical
Characteristics of Hydrogen
Under normal conditions
• Colorless
• Odorless
• Non-toxic
These characteristics makes
it environmentally neutral.
Chemical & Physical
Characteristics of Hydrogen
Hydrogen Production
Electrolysis of water using renewable energy
Sources.
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Hydro-electricity
Hydrogen Production
Renewable process for Hydrogen Production
1. Nuclear
2. Fossil fuels
3. Water electrolysis
Other Processes
• Biomass (requires lots of feedstock)
• Thermochemical (requires 2000 degrees C)
• Thermophysical (requires a suitable catalyst)
• Photo-Electrochemical method
• Photo-Biological processes
(Interreg)
Transmission, Distribution
& Storage
Transmission
1. High pressure
2. Careful selection of seals and
materials for pipelines.
3. Design compressors
4. Addition of odorants and colorants.
Distribution
• Rail
• Road
• Marine transport
“In Liquefied form”
Distribution
• High isolation areas
• High wind areas
Storage
• Compressed gas.
• Cryogenic liquid.
• Solid state compounds
(metal hydrides)
Challenges as an energy Carrier
1. Flammability
2. Detonability
3. Embrittlement of handling vessels
Flammability
“Easily set on fire”
High auto-ignition temperature
of 585 °C,
it has a very low ignition energy (0.02 mJ),
Detonability
Potential to explode
The detonability range is very wide
(18-59%)
Embrittlement
This is caused by the high
diffusability of Hydrogen.
Hydrogen’s Efficiency
• Large Scale—75%
• Storage, transportation and
conversion (20-48%)
Advantages
• Superior efficiency cycle.
• No emission at the point of production.
• No emission at the point of
consumption.
Conclusion
Highly Efficient in terms of;
Health
Environment
Economics
Conclusion
Combustion product is water.
Requires renewable energy source for extraction.
Bibliography
https://www.icheme.org/media/9792/xix-paper-04.pdf
Date accessed: October 19, 2019
http://www.gammaexplorer.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Hydrogen-as-a-Future-Energy-Carrier-Malestrom.pdf
Date accessed: October 19, 2019
gencomm-smart-h2-positon-paper-march-2018.pdf
Date accessed: October 19,2019
