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Three Dark Lamp Synchronization Method

To synchronize alternators that will operate in parallel, their voltage, frequency, and phase must be equal. This document describes two methods for synchronizing an alternator to a grid or bus bar: The three dark lamp method synchronizes voltage by adjusting field current until voltages are equal. It synchronizes phase by checking when lamps glow in unison. Frequency is synchronized by adjusting prime mover speed until flickering is low. The two bright one dark lamp method identifies whether the incoming alternator frequency is higher or lower than the bus bar frequency based on the lamp brightness sequence. The speed is then adjusted accordingly until one lamp is dark and the others bright and equal.

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813 views6 pages

Three Dark Lamp Synchronization Method

To synchronize alternators that will operate in parallel, their voltage, frequency, and phase must be equal. This document describes two methods for synchronizing an alternator to a grid or bus bar: The three dark lamp method synchronizes voltage by adjusting field current until voltages are equal. It synchronizes phase by checking when lamps glow in unison. Frequency is synchronized by adjusting prime mover speed until flickering is low. The two bright one dark lamp method identifies whether the incoming alternator frequency is higher or lower than the bus bar frequency based on the lamp brightness sequence. The speed is then adjusted accordingly until one lamp is dark and the others bright and equal.

Uploaded by

sidharth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SYNCHRONIZING PROCEDURE

If we need to operate the alternator in parallel we need to synchronize the


alternators.

Condition for synchronizing:

The source (generator or sub-network) must have equal


1.  line voltage
2. Frequency
3. Phase sequence
4. Phase angle
5. Waveform
to that of the system to which it is being synchronized.

Waveform and phase sequence are fixed by the construction of the generator and
its connections to the system.

So the voltage, frequency and phase angle must be


controlled each time a generator is to be connected to a
grid.
Three dark lamp method: To have same voltage:

Check both voltmeters. If it is


not equal then change the field
current of the generator to have
equal voltages.

To have same phase:

If the lamps glow bright and


dark at unison it is an
indication of same phase. If not
then interchange any of the two
terminals

To have same frequency:

If the rate of flickering is low


then its an indication for same
frequency . If not then change
the speed by changing the
prime mover.
Two bright one dark lamp method: In this method, phase
sequence cannot be measured
and it is used to find whether
the incoming alternator
frequency is higher/ lower than
the bus bar frequency.

The sequence of bright and dark


is like,
 L1,L2,L3  Incoming
generator frequency is high w.r.t
bus bar frequency.
 L1,L3,L2  Incoming
generator frequency is lesser w.r.t
bus bar frequency .

So change the speed


accordingly, and make the rate
of flickering as small as possible
i.e at the condition  L2 is dark
and L1 and L3 are equally
bright.
Using Synchroscope

Here phase sequence cannot be measured.

Based on the arrow mark in the synchroscope the suitable correction has to made
in speed to match the frequency of existing alternator
THANKS!

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