Seed production of Black gram
SUBMITTED BY:
Katipelly Rohan Reddy
I.D.:-16MSSDCI011
M.sc .(Ag.) SST
SUBMITTED TO :
Dr.Prashanth Kumar Rai
Associate professor,
(Dept. of Genetics and Plant
Breeding)
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Faculty of Agriculture
Sam Higginbottom Institute Agriculture, Technology and Sciences
(Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute)
Deemed-to-be-University
Allahabad
2016
Scientific classification
Kingdom: plantae
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Sub family: Foboideae
Genus: Vigna
Species: vigna mungo
Introduction
Origin – India
Black gram Vigna mungo is popular known as urad.
The urad crop Is resistant to adverse climatic condition.
Improved the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the
soil.
Black gram supplies protein requirement of vegetarian population
of the country.
FLORAL STRUCTURE
1.INFLORESCENCE : an raceme, which may be branched with clusters of 5-6 flowers
on a short but later elongating peduncle. Flowers small yellow and clustered at the top
of the peduncle.
2.FLOWERS : bracteate , pedicellate, bisexual, hypogynous ,
zygomorphic ,complete flowers.
3.CALYX : 5 ,gamosepalous , valvate .
4. Corolla : papilionaceous , polypetalous ,
desendingly imbricate , keel petals spirally coiled.
ANDROECIUM : stamens 10 (9+1) , diadelphous,filaments alternately
long and short ,anthers uniform introse , dorsifixed .
GYNOECIUM : ovary superior , monocarpellary,ovule unilocular with
a few ovules on marginal placentation
: style terminal & hairy ,stigma filiform.
POLLINATION : self pollination
(bud emasculation is practiced.)
FRUIT : pod , hairy ,bright to dark brown colour , 6-8 cm long wuth 4-10 seeds
Land requirement
The previous crop should not be either other
varieties or same variety uncertified.
The land should be fertile and put to fine tilth.
Land should be free from volunteer plants
Isolation requirement
Since the crop is self pollinated, crop should be
isolated for 10 m at foundation class and 5 m at
certified seed class from other varieties.
Brief cultural practices
Preparation of land:
Land should be prepared well by one to two harrowings followed by levelling.
Time of sowing:
Planting time Harvesting time
Kharif season
July Sept.
August October
Rabi season
October December
(late rabi)
January March
Source of seed:
Seed should be obtained from the source approved
by certification agency.
Method of sowing:
The seed should be planted in row.
Seed rate:
Kharif & rabi – 15 to 20 kg/ha
Spring & summer -25 to 30 kg/ha
Fertilizer requirement:
A basal application 25 carts of farm yards manure in
addition to 20 kg of nitrogen and 35 kg of
phosphorus/ha. is recommended for kharif season.
FYM 25 carts
Nitrogen 20kg./ha.
Phosphorus 35kg./ha.
Irrigation:
Frequent irrigation for spring and summer crop is necessary.
In kharif crop one or two irrigation may be required if there
is prolonged dry period.
Plant protection
Weed control
One or two weeding and hoeing may be done spraying
of one kg treflon (active compound) in 1000 liter water/ha.
On the soil at time of final prepration of land.
Basilin, weedicide spraying of 2ml/liter water are used.
Pest management:-
Some pest causes harmful effect on black garm .
1.White fly 2. Aphid
Control
Dimethoate , phosphomiden, metasystox (1ml. /liter
Methyldematon@ 2ml./liter
Diseases:-
1. Cercospora leaf spot
2.Powdery mildew
1.control:- copper oxychloride @1.25kg
to 2.50 kg. in 625 liter water.
2.Powdery mildew
control:- 25 kg. sulphur / ha. used.
Rouging :- The off type of plant and severely disease plant should be
rouged out from time to time as required.
Harvesting and threshing:-
For summer and spring crop starts picking when pods turn black . In
kharif crop start harvesting when most of the pods have turn black. The
threshing can be done by hand to avoid injury to seeds. After threshing
and cleaning, the seeds should be dried to 9 per cent moisture before
storage.
Yield :-10-15 q/ha.
10
.
Use and advantages
With it ability to fix nitrogen it restores the soil fertility
as well.
It provides to be great rotation crop enhancing the yield
of the main crop.
Main and important use of black gram is to make Dal
and also use in making dosa, idali, vada.
Best source of protein , fat and carbohydrates.
Reference
Agarwal, R.L. 1993 Seed Technology – Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co., New Delhi
Agarwal. P.K. 1994 Principles of Seed Technology, ICAR
Publication, New Delhi.
Desai, BP.M. Kotecha and D.K. Salunkha. 1998. Seeds Hand
Book.
Neema, N.P. 1989. Principles of Seed Certification and
Testing – Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Tunwar, N.S. and S.V. Singh. 1988. Indian Minimum Seed
Certification Standards. Published by Central Seed
Certification Board, New Delhi.
THANK
YOU
