INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
WIRELESS ELECTRICITY
SUBMITED BY-
PAVNESH PRIYADERSHI
1305232027
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
3. TECHNOLOGIES OF WPT
3.1 NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUE
3.2 FAR FIELD TECHNIQUE
4. MERITS AND DEMERITS
5. APPLICATIONS
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
•In this era of modern world electricity has become the unavoidable part of
life
•The major form of conventional form of electricity is through wires
•One of the major issues in the transmission and distribution of electrical
power is losses during transmission
•The main reason for the power loss during transmission is resistance of the
wire used in the grid
•The percentage of power loss during transmission and distribution is
approximated as 25%
•According to World Resource Institute (WRI), India’s grid has the highest loss
during transmission and distribution approximately 27-40%
•Tesla has proposed a method of transmission of electricity using
electromagnetic induction
DEFINITION
• Wireless as the name suggests ‘without wires’
• Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission
of electrical energy from source to electric load without man
made conductor
• Wireless is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are
inconvenient ,hazardous or impossible
• WiTricity ensures that the cell phones, laptops, iPods and
power hungry devices get charge on their own ,eliminating
the need of plugging them in
• Because of WiTricity these devices won’t require batteries to
operate
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
• The concept of WPT came very back in 1899, Sir Nicolas Tesla was
the first person who propose and research upon idea of WPT since
then many scientists are working upon this
• His vision for ‘World Wireless system’
• The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy
• Due to shortage of funds tower did not operate
• Tesla was able to transfer energy from one coil to another coil
• He managed to light 200 lamps from a distance
• The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by a team
led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is named as ‘WiTricity’.
TECHNOLOGIES OF WPT
• Near-field techniques
Inductive Coupling
Resonant Inductive Coupling
Air Ionization
• Far-field techniques
Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)
LASER power transmission
INDUCTIVE COUPLING
• Primary and secondary coils are not
connected with wires.
• Energy transfer is due to Mutual Induction
INDUCTIVE COUPLING
• Transformer is also an example
• Energy transfer devices are usually air-cored
• Wireless Charging Pad(WCP),electric brushes
are some examples
• On a WCP, the devices are to be kept, battery
will be automatically charged.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)
• Combination of inductive coupling and
resonance
• Resonance makes two objects interact very
strongly
• Inductance induces current
Block diagram of RIC
This type of oscillation is resonance if the reactance's of
the inductor and capacitor are equal
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WiTricity
Based on resonance
inductive coupling
Energy transfer wirelessly
for a distance just more
than 2m.
Used frequencies are 1MHz
and 10MHz
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Advantages of near-field techniques
• No wires
• No e-waste
• Need for battery is
eliminated
• Efficient energy transfer
using RIC
• Harmless, if field
strengths under safety
levels
• Maintenance cost is less
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Disadvantages
• Distance constraint
• Field strengths have to be under safety levels
• Initial cost is high
• In RIC, tuning is difficult
• High frequency signals must be the supply
• Air ionization technique is not feasible
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Far-field energy transfer
• Radiative
• Needs line-of-sight
• LASER or microwave
• Aims at high power transfer
• Tesla’s tower was built for this
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Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)
• Transfers high power from one place to
another. Two places being in line of sight
usually
• Steps:
– Electrical energy to microwave energy
– Capturing microwaves using rectenna
– Microwave energy to electrical energy
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MP T
• AC can not be directly converted to microwave
energy
• AC is converted to DC first
• DC is converted to microwaves using
magnetron
• Transmitted waves are received at rectenna
which rectifies, gives DC as the output
• DC is converted back to AC
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MPT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
LASER transmission
• LASER is highly directional, coherent
• Not dispersed for very long
• But, gets attenuated when it propagates
through atmosphere
• Simple receiver
– Photovoltaic cell
• Cost-efficient
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LASER TRANSMISSION
Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
• To provide energy to earth’s increasing
energy need
• To efficiently make use of renewable energy
i.e., solar energy
• SPS are placed in geostationary orbits
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SPS
• Solar energy is captured using photocells
• Each SPS may have 400 million photocells
• Transmitted to earth in the form of
microwaves/LASER
• Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy is
converted to electrical energy
• Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave is used.
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Rectenna in US
• Rectenna in US receives 5000MW of power
from SPS and about one and a half mile long.
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Advantages of far-field energy transfer
• Efficient
• Easy
• Need for grids, substations etc are eliminated
• Low maintenance cost
• More effective when the transmitting and
receiving points are along a line-of-sight
• Can reach the places which are remote
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Disadvantages of far-field energy trasnfer
• Radiative
• Needs line-of-sight
• Initial cost is high
• When LASERs are used,
– conversion is inefficient
– Absorption loss is high
• When microwaves are used,
– interference may arise
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Applications
• Near-field energy transfer
– Electric automobile charging
• Static and moving
– Consumer electronics
– Industrial purposes
• Far-field energy transfer
– Solar Power Satellites
– Energy to remote areas
– Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
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Applications
• Near-field energy transfer
– Electric automobile charging
• Static and moving
– Consumer electronics
– Industrial purposes
• Far-field energy transfer
– Solar Power Satellites
– Energy to remote areas
– Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
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Conclusion
• Transmission without wires- a reality
• Efficient
• Low maintenance cost. But, high initial cost
• Better than conventional wired transfer
• Energy crisis can be decreased
• Low loss
• In near future, world will be completely
wireless
References
• “Wireless Power Transmission”, Vol No.-45,
Electronics For U –August-2013
• Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”,
Leonardo Energy, September 2009
• C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee
Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and
Charging Pad”
HELPING HANDS
• Abhishek
• Risabh Singh
• Supragya tripathi
THANK YOU…
