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Advanced Computer Architecture: Presented By, Farhan Mukhtiar

This document discusses different types of SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) architectures, including vector architectures, multimedia SIMD instruction set extensions, and GPUs. It focuses on vector architectures, describing their basic structure, components like vector registers and functional units, and advantages like reducing instruction fetch bandwidth and enabling highly regular memory access patterns. Vector execution time depends on operand vector length, structural hazards, and data dependencies, with each instruction able to perform the same operation on multiple data elements simultaneously.

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Farhan Mukhtiar Yousafzai
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45 views9 pages

Advanced Computer Architecture: Presented By, Farhan Mukhtiar

This document discusses different types of SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) architectures, including vector architectures, multimedia SIMD instruction set extensions, and GPUs. It focuses on vector architectures, describing their basic structure, components like vector registers and functional units, and advantages like reducing instruction fetch bandwidth and enabling highly regular memory access patterns. Vector execution time depends on operand vector length, structural hazards, and data dependencies, with each instruction able to perform the same operation on multiple data elements simultaneously.

Uploaded by

Farhan Mukhtiar Yousafzai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED COMPUTER

ARCHITECTURE
PRESENTED BY,
FARHAN MUKHTIAR

1
SIMD
• SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data)
• SIMD, is a class of Parallel computers in Flynn's taxonomy.
• It describes computers with multiple processing elements
that perform the same operation on multiple data points
simultaneously.
• Three variations of SIMD:
• vector architectures,
• multimedia SIMD instruction set extensions,
• graphics processing units (GPUs).

2
Vector Architecture
• Vector architectures are easier to
understand and to compile to than other
SIMD variations,
• But they were considered too expensive
for microprocessors until recently.
• Registers are controlled by compiler
• Register files act as compiler controlled buffers
• Used to hide memory latency
• Leverage memory bandwidth
4
Basic structure of a vector architecture

5
Components of vector architecture
• Vector registers
‐Each register holds a 64‐element, 64 bits/element vector
‐ Register file has 16 read ports and 8 write ports
• Vector functional units
• Fully pipelined
• Data and control hazards are detected
• Vector load‐store unit
‐ Fully pipelined
‐ Words move between registers
‐ One word per clock cycle after initial latency
• Scalar registers
• 32 general‐purpose registers
• 32 floating‐point registers

6
Vector Execution Time
• Execution time depends on three factors:
‐Length of operand vectors
‐ Structural hazards
‐ Data dependencies
• VMIPS functional units consume one element
per clock cycle
• Execution time is approximately the vector
length

7
Vector Processor Advantages
• Each instruction generates a lot of work
• Reduces instruction fetch bandwidth
• Highly regular memory access pattern
• Interleaving multiple banks memory
for higher bandwidth
• No need to explicitly code loops
• Fewer branches in the instruction sequence

8
SIMD Instruction Set Extensions for
Multimedia
• Media applications operate on data
types narrower than the native word size
‐Graphics systems use 8 bits per primary color
‐Audio samples use 8‐16 bits
‐ 256‐bit adder
‐ 16 simultaneous operations on 16 bits
‐ 32 simultaneous operations on 8 bits

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