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Types and Properties of Molding Sand

Molding sand is a mixture of silica sand, clay, and water that is used to form molds for metal casting. It needs to withstand the high temperatures of molten metal without fusing and allow gases to escape during pouring. There are different types of molding sand including green sand, which is used in its wet form; dry sand, which is green sand that has been dried for strength; and loam sand, which contains more clay for heavier castings. Parting sand, facing sand, backing sand, and core sand all have specific purposes in the mold making process based on their location and required properties.

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112 views13 pages

Types and Properties of Molding Sand

Molding sand is a mixture of silica sand, clay, and water that is used to form molds for metal casting. It needs to withstand the high temperatures of molten metal without fusing and allow gases to escape during pouring. There are different types of molding sand including green sand, which is used in its wet form; dry sand, which is green sand that has been dried for strength; and loam sand, which contains more clay for heavier castings. Parting sand, facing sand, backing sand, and core sand all have specific purposes in the mold making process based on their location and required properties.

Uploaded by

nikil kumar khandelwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MOLDING SAND

Molding sand are the most commonly used for making


all types of molds irrespective of whether they are used
for producing casting of ferrous or non-ferrous metal
Most sand casting operations are used silica sand.
Sand used to manufacture a mould for casting process is
held by mixture of water and clay.
A typical mixture by volume could be 89% sand,4%
water and 7% clay.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MOLDING SAND

Molding sands are refractory in nature and can


withstand temperature of metal being poured without
fusing.
The molding sand do not chemically react with
molten metal.
The
 
sand have high degree of permeability
and thus allow gases formed during pouring to
 
escape.
These strength , permeability and hardness of the
sand mix can be varied by changing the structure
of sand .
1. Green sand:
 
 
 
 

It is sand used in the wet condition for making the


mould. It is mixture of silica sand with 15-25 per
cent clay and 6-8 per cent water
As explained earlier green sand moulds are not
dried and metal is poured in them in the wet
condition
Being damp the sand can be easily worked with hand
to give it any desired shape
This sand is used for producing small to
medium sized moulds which are not very
complex
Dry sand:
 

Dry sand is the green sand that has


been dried or baked after preparing the
mould.
Drying sand gives strength to the
mould so that it can be used for larger
castings
Loam sand:
 

Loam sand is sand containing up to


50 % clay which has been worked to
the consistency of builder mortar.
This sand is used for loam sand moulds for
making very heavy castings usually with
the help of sweeps and skeleton patterns
Parting
 
sand:
This sand is used during making of the mould to
ensure that green sand does not stick to the pattern
and the cope and drag parts can be easily separated
for removing the pattern without causing any damage
to the mould.
Parting sand consists of fine grained clay free
dried silica sand, sea sand or burnt sand with
some parting compounds.
The parting compounds used include charcoal,
ground bone and limestone, groundnut shells, talc
and calcium phosphate.
Facing
 
sand:

Facing sand is the sand which covers the pattern


all around it. The remaining box is filled with
ordinary floor sand.
Facing sand forms the face of the mould and
comes in direct contact with the molten metal
when it is poured.
High strength and refractoriness are required for
this sand.
It is made of silica sand and clay without the
addition of any used sand.
Graphite, mollasses etc. may be added to the
facing sand. Thickness of the sand layer varies
from 20 to 30 mm
Backing
 
sand:
Backing sand is the bulk of the sand used to back
up the facing sand and to fill up the volume of the
flask.
It consists mainly of old, repeatedly used molding
sand which is generally black in color due to
addition of coal dust and burning on contact with
hot metal.
Because of the color backing sand is
also sometimes called black sand.
The main purpose for the use of backing sand is
to reduce the cost of molding.
Core sand is the sand used for
making cores. This is silica sand
mixed with core oil. That is why it is
also called oil sand.
The core oil consists of linseed
oil, resin, light mineral oil with
some binders.
For larger cores, sometimes pitch
or flour and water may also be
used to save on cost.

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