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Mass Transfer Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering

Mass transfer is the transport of material from one location to another driven by a concentration gradient. There are three fundamental transfer processes: heat transfer, mass transfer, and momentum transfer. Mass transfer applications include absorption, stripping, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching, distillation, membrane separation, crystallization, humidification and drying. These operations use concentration gradients to separate mixtures into individual components through processes like evaporation, dissolution and filtration.

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35 views14 pages

Mass Transfer Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering

Mass transfer is the transport of material from one location to another driven by a concentration gradient. There are three fundamental transfer processes: heat transfer, mass transfer, and momentum transfer. Mass transfer applications include absorption, stripping, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching, distillation, membrane separation, crystallization, humidification and drying. These operations use concentration gradients to separate mixtures into individual components through processes like evaporation, dissolution and filtration.

Uploaded by

Ali Usman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mass Transfer

Fundamentals
(ChE-206)
Lecture No. 2
Introduction to Mass Transfer
FUNDAMENTAL TRANSFER
PROCESSES
There are 3 fundamental transfer processes:
• Heat transfer
• Mass transfer
• Momentum transfer
Mass Transfer
• An operation in which mass is transferred.
• To carry a material from one place to
another.
• To transport a material using
conveyor.
• Transfer of fluid that contains
dissolved solutes having concentration
difference between two points.
The transport of a component from a region of
higher concentration to that of a lower
concentration is known as mass transfer.
Before After
Concentration Gradient…
Significance
• To flow a fluid from high to low concentration, a driving
force is needed.
Recall, fluid flow in pipe: what's the driving force?

• In Mass Transfer Operations, conc. gradient is the


driving force.
What will be the concentration gradient at equilibrium?

What will happen to the process at equilibrium?


Mass transfer Applications
• Absorption & Stripping
• Adsorption & Desorption
• Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE)
• Leaching
• Distillation
• Membrane Separation
• Crystallization
• Humidification
• Drying
Mass Transfer Operations
Absorption
• Transfer of material from gas phase to liquid phase.
• Gas acts as solute
• The separation of ammonia from an air-ammonia mixture by means of water
is a typical example of absorption.
Stripping
• Opposite to absorption
• Solvent Recovery
Adsorption
• Transfer of material from gas or liquid phase to surface
of solid.
• Surface phenomena.
• CO2 Capturing
• Removal of ions from solution
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
• Separation of liquid from
a solution by means of
another liquid/solvent.
• Separation of aromatics
from kerosene based fuel
oils
• Production of fuels in
nuclear industry.
Leaching
• Separation of solute (liquid) from a solid mixture by
means of another liquid/solvent.
• Oil seed extraction
• Coffee Extraction from Coffee beans
• Extraction of sugar from sugar beets using hot water
Distillation
• Separation of a liquid mixture of miscible and
volatile substances into individual
components by partial vaporization.
• Separation of methanol-water mixture into its
components.
• Separation of petroleum crude into gasoline,
kerosene and other fuel oils.
Membrane Separation
• Membrane allows selective component to pass while prevent others
to flow.
• Micro
• Ultra
Porous/Non-porous
• Nano
• Reverse Osmosis (RO)

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