DISABILITY

PRESENTATION AND
REHABILITATION

1
 DEFINITION
• A disability is any restriction or lack of
ability to perform an activity in a manner
with in a range considered for a normal
human being

2
• According ILO, defines disabled persons
as an individual whose prospects of
securing , retaining and advancing in
suitable employment are substantially
reduced as a result of duly recognized
physical or mental impairment

3
 DISABILITY AND
REHABILITATION :
• Efforts which minimize the adverse impact
of disability
• Promote the latent abilities to the fullest
extent possible
• It requires identification of abilities as well
as disabilities and suitable interventions
• Different kinds and multidisciplinary
approach

4
 REHABILITATION TYPES
• Medical
• Education
• Vocational
• Social
• Psychological
• It can be institute based or community
rehabilitation

5
• Preventing disabilities
• Identifying , screening and physical
restoration services
• Education of disable
• Vocational rehabilitation
• Role of technology
• Man power development
• Social rehabilitation

6
CATEGORIES OF DISABILITY
• LOCOMOTORS
• VISUAL
• SPEECH AND HEARING
• MENTAL DISABILITY

7
• Further categorized as
• mild,
• moderate
• severe and
• profound

8
 VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
• Blind (absence of sight)
• Visual equity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200
(Snell an chart)
• Limitation of the field of vision subtending
an angle of degree 20 or more

9
• A legally blind person is
• One who has visual equity of 20/200
• Field of vision is narrowed
• Low vision
• Individuals whose visual equity falls
between 20/70 in the better eye after
correction

10
 REHABILITATION OF VISUAL
IMPAIRMENT
• Physical restorative services
• Cataract surgery- availability of lenses,
restores full functional vision
• Corneal opacity – surgery by corneal
grafting, restore vision
• Corneal transplant-followed by adjustment
in training

11
• Retinopathy surgery
• Squint surgery
• Surgical correction
• Adjustment training
• Orientation
• Mobility training

12
 HEARING IMPAIRMENT
• Non functional for ordinary purposes in life
• They don’t hear or understand sound at all
even with amplified speech

13
 DEFINITIONS
• Hearing loss more than 70db in better
• Total loss hearing in ears
• Hard of hearing – 27db above
• Total deafness – 91 db above
• Mild 42 -55db
• Severe 56-70db
• Profound 71-90db

14
 REHABILITATION
• Negative impacts
• Communication ability
• Socioeconomic stages status
• Reading skills
• Cognitive function
• Audiologists : assessment, diagnosis and
management

15
• Information's about the assistive device
• Additionally regarding the community
support network

16
 HEARING AID
• Electrical device that amplifies and shapes
acoustic ear
• Body aid between the ear and in the ear

17
• Cochlear implants
• Severely and profound hearing loss
• An electronic device that provides the
useful hearing and improved
communicable ability which is designed to
provide useful sound information by
directly stimulating auditory nerve fibers

18
ASSISTIVE LISTENING DEVICES

• With or without hearing aid

20
• Familiarization with the linguistic aspect of
speech such as vocabulary , contact
awareness , training in assistive listening
and conversation
• Improving the patients ability to interact
affectively with family and friends
• Opportunity to sharing the feeling and
emotional support should be given

21
• Educational services
• Organizational plants, utilizing resources
room and special classes
• Small special education programs for the
severe hearing impairment
• Otologists , audiologist, social worker,
speech therapy

22
• Communication methods
• Oral teaching session, speech therapy
programs
• Manualism- sign language and finger
speech
• Total communication – combination or oral
methods
• Crude speech- hand shapes
23
 MENTAL RETARDATION
• Arrested development of brain of a person
characterized by sub normality of
intelligence
• According to Carosaman 1983, MR refers
to significantly sub average , general
intellectual functioning existing concurrent
by with deficits in adoptive behaviors and
manifested during developmental
period(0-6)

24
• Mild : 50-70
• Moderate : 35-49
• Severe : 20-34
• Profound : below 20

25
• According to the educational system
classification
• Educable : 50-70
• Trainable : 25-50
• Custodial : below 25

26
• Learning difficulties/disabilities
• Epilepsy
• Behavioral problem
• Associated features like speech hearing
disorder, motor problems, etc.

27
 REHABILITATION
• Psychotic drugs
• Neuroleptic drugs
• Antidepressants
• Behavior therapy, emotional adjustment
• Promotion of cognitive development,
language skills, social development
learning behavior, sensory integration,
education and involvement of family
28
• Educational services
• General education class rooms with
resource room
• Special class
• Residential institution
• Activity centre
• Community residential facility or group
homes
29
 LOCOMOTORS DISABILITY
• A persons inability to execute distinctive
activities associated with moving both
himself and objects from place to place
• Bones, joints and muscle
• Functional limitations in mobility
• Congenital or acquired , e.g. CP,HP,MS,
amputations , skeletal deformities

30
• Mild : less than 40%
• Moderate : 40% and above
• Severe : 75% and above
• Profound : 100%

31
 REHABILITATION
• Restorative
• Surgical intervention
• Surgical correction followed by PT/OT
• Rehabilitation aids and appliance ,
prosthetic devices- ALIMCO,kanpur
• Sophisticated surgery for CP
• Physiotherapy

32
• Educational services
• Education programs for the children
• Elimination of architectural barriers in
existing
• Public schools and design of new
buildings
• Related programs of physical,
occupational and speech therapy
33
• Home bound/hospital programs ,
residential school and special schools

34
35