Math Review
-John Nino Doligol
Mt. Carmel School of
Siargao, Inc./Del Carmen
Surigao del Norte
Principles of percentage
Finding the Percentage
Percentage is the number, that is, a certain percent of another
number.
The formula for the percentage:
P = BxR
Examples:
1. What number is 2/5 of 30?
P = 2/5 x 30 = 12
2. How many is 20% of 75?
P = 0.20 x 75 = 15
Exercise #1
What number is 3/5 of 120?
How is much is the 30% of Php250?
What was the marked price of a shirt
that sells at Php255 after a discount of
25%?
Principles of percentage
Finding the Rate
The term rate or percent, represented by R, is the number of
hundredths to be found.
The formula for the rate of percentage:
R = P/B
Examples:
1. What part of 36 is 12?
R = 12/36 = 1/3
2. What percent of 72 is 18?
R = 18/72 = 0.25 = 25%
Exercise # 2
What part of 50 is 15?
What percent of 180 is 45?
A grocery store buys milk at Php 864 (1
case = 48 cans) and sells them at 3
cans for Php60. What percent of the
selling price does it gain?
Principles of Percentage
Finding the Base
The base is the number to which the rate is applied.
The formula for the base:
B = P/R
Examples:
1. 24 is 20% of what numbers?
B = = = 120
2. 50% of what amount is P36.50?
B = = = P36.50 x 2 = P73.00
Exercise # 3
70 is 28% of what number?
40% of what amount is 38.4?
What was the marked price of a shirt
that sell at Php255 after discount of
25%?
Ratio and Proportion
Ratios
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers by division. In ratio form,
3/10 is written as 3:10.
The value of a ratio is the value of the fraction, or of the decimal or
Percent obtained by performing the indicated division of the numerator
by the denominator. The numerator is called antecedent and the
denominator, the consequent.
Thus,
= value of the ratio or quotient
Ratio and Proportion
The ff. are some of the common and the practical uses of ratio:
1. Separating a number into Parts of a Given Ratio
Example:
Separate P72.00 into 2 parts which are in the ratio of 4:5.
Solution:
of P72.00 is P32.00
of P72.00 is P40.00
Exercise # 4
SeparatePhp120.00 into two parts
which are in the ratio of 3:5.
Two numbers are in the ratio of 4:5. If
their sum is 135. What is the bigger
number?
Ratio and Proportion
Proportions
An equality of two ratios is called proportion. The first and fourth
terms of a proportion are the extremes; the second and third terms
are the means. Thus, in the proportion 3:4 = 6:8, 3 and 8 are extremes,
4 and 6 are the means. The terms are also called proportionals.
Solve for the missing terms:
1. ½ : x = 3 : 60
2. 3 : 1/3 = x : 9
3. x : 20 = 27 : 30
Exercise # 4
Find the missing term of;
10: D = 5: 20
¼ : 10 = 20 : S
At
the price of 3 mangoes for Php12.60,
how many guavas can be bought for
Php37.80?
Ratio and proportion
How to write a proportion:
In writing a proportion, two types of problems are met:
A. Two quantities are said to be directly proportional; they are so
related that an increase or decrease in the first will produce the
same kind of change in the second.
Example:
A baker used 5 cups of sugar for 20 cups of flour. How many
cups
of sugar will she need for 160 cups of flour. The proportion is:
Solution:
5 : 20 = x : 160
20x = 5(160)
x=
x = 40
Exercises # 5
At the price of 3 mangoes for Php12.60,
how many guavas can be bought for
Php37.80?
10 sacks of palay need 4 days to dry
under the sun. How many days are
needed to dry 100 sacks of palay under
the same condition an place?
Ratio and Proportion
How to write a proportion:
In writing a proportion, two types of problems are met:
B. Two quantities are said to be inversely proportional; they are so
related that an increase or decrease in the first will produce an
opposite change in the second.
Example:
Twenty men can do a piece of work in 5 days. How long will 4
men do the same amount of work?
Solution:
20 : 4 = x : 5
4x = 20(5)
x=
x = 25
Exercise # 6
Thirty-six men can do a piece of work in
6 days? How many men are need to
finish the same of piece of work in three
days?
Word Problems
Word Expressions Algebraic Symbols
9. Factoring Expression of the Form +
Addition:
The sum of a number and 5
Example 1: Factor + = (x + y)( – y + – x +
Five more than some number y+5
Example
Increase2: Factor –by=5(x – y)( + y + + x + )
a number
Add 5 to some number
Example 3: Factor + = + = + ( – + )
Subtraction:
The difference between some number and 6
Factor the
Six less following
than expressions completely:
some number
Some number decreased by 6 x–6
1. –
Subtract 6 from some number
Six subtracted from a number
Decrease a number by 6
Word Problems
Word Expressions Algebraic Symbols
9. Factoring Expression of the Form +
Multiplication:
The product of some+number
Example 1: Factor = (x + and
y)( –2 y + – x +
Twice a number 2n
Example
Two times2:
a Factor
number– = (x – y)( + y + + x + )
Double
a number
Example 3: Factor + = + = + ( – + )
Division:
The quotient of some number and 2
Factornumber
Some the following expressions
divided by 2 completely:
b/2
One
– half of a number
1. –
Exercise # 7
Jane spent Php42.00 for shoes. This is
was Php14.00 less than twice she spent
for blouse. How much was the blouse?
There 31 boys in the class. This is three
more than four times the number of
girls. How many girls are in the class?
Exercise # 8
Fiveyears ago, John’s age was half of
the age he will in 8 years. How old is he
now?
Intwenty-one years, Kyle will be four
times older than she is today? What is
her current age?
Exercise # 9
Iftoday is Friday, what day will be 78
days from now?
Iftoday is Monday, what day will be 120
days from now?
Exercise # 10
In
how many ways can 10 person be
awarded 1st, 2nd, and 3rd?
How many ways can 5 person be
arrange in circular table?
How many ways can 5 keys be arrange
in a keychain?
Exercise # 11
A mug contains 5 red balls, 4 blue balls
and 6 yellow balls. How many ways can
3 red balls, 2 blue balls and 2 yellow
balls be picked?
A fruit basket contains 4 bananas, 3
guavas and 5 apples how many ways
can 2 bananas, 2 mangoes and 3 apples
be selected?
Exercise # 12
Findthe 20th value of the following
sequence 1,4,7,10…..
Insert two arithmetic means between
1, ___,___ 10
Find the sum of 1,2,3……..99,100.
Exercise # 13
Findthe 4th value of the following
sequence 1,6,….
Insert three geometric means between
5, ___,___,____ 3125
Find
the sum of the first 6 terms of the
sequence, 3,6,12,24,48,96.
