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Understanding Joint Types and Functions

This document discusses different types of joints in the human body. There are three main types: fibrous or fixed joints which do not move; cartilaginous or slightly movable joints, such as those in the spine; and synovial or freely movable joints which allow movement. Synovial joints are further divided into six categories based on their movement: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid. Key characteristics of synovial joints include articular cartilage, a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid which lubricates and nourishes the joint. Examples are provided of each type of synovial joint.

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185 views17 pages

Understanding Joint Types and Functions

This document discusses different types of joints in the human body. There are three main types: fibrous or fixed joints which do not move; cartilaginous or slightly movable joints, such as those in the spine; and synovial or freely movable joints which allow movement. Synovial joints are further divided into six categories based on their movement: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid. Key characteristics of synovial joints include articular cartilage, a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid which lubricates and nourishes the joint. Examples are provided of each type of synovial joint.

Uploaded by

Entirety 4u
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction:-

A joint, also called articulation is a point of


contact.

Arthrology:-It is the scientific study of joints.

Kinesiology:-It is the study of the motion of


the human body.
Definition:-

“It is the site at which any two


or more bone articulated is
called Joint”
Classification/Type:-

1. Fibrous or fixed joints (Immovable)

2.Cartilaginous or Slightly moveable joints

3.Synovial or Freely moveable joints


1.Fibrous or fixed joints
(Immovable)
These joints are held together by tough
tissue which develops during childhood.

Examples ,Cranium.

2.Cartilaginous or Slightly moveable


joints
Here, movement is needed but only to a
certain point e.g the vertebral column,
Symphysis pubis

3.Synovial or Freely moveable joints


These joints are allow movement to take
place.
Synovial or Freely moveable joints:-
•This lubricates the joint, like oil
in a working engine. It enables all
parts of the joint to move against
each other smoothly.

•This is inside the synovial (joint)


capsule which holds the fluid in
place.

•The synovial membrane lies


inside the capsule where the fluid
is produced.
Types of Synovial Joints:-
Freely Moveable (Synovial) joints
can be divided into six groups
depending upon the way they
move.
Types:-
1. Ball and
Socket Joint
2. Hinge Joint
3. Pivot Joint
4. Gliding Joint
5. Saddle Joint
6. Condyloid
Joint
Characteristics of Synovial joint:-

Articular cartilage/Hyaline cartilage:-The part


of bone are covered with cartilage
.It provides a smooth articular surface
Capsule & capsular ligament.
.The joint is surrounded & enclosed by a
sleeve of fibrous tissue which hold the bone
together.
.It is sufficient loose to allow freedom of
movement but strong enough to protect it
from injury
Synovial membrane:-
.This is composed of epithilial cell & is
found—Lining the capsule
.Covering those part of the bone with in the
joint
.Covering all intra-cpsular structure that do
not bear weight.

Synovial fluid:-This is the thick stiky fluid of


egg-white consistency secrted by synovial
membrane in to synovial cavity & its function
are-
Function of S.F. Is:-

1) Provides nutrients for the structure with in


the joint cavity.

2) Contain phagocytes which remove


microbes

3) Act as a lubricant

4) Maintain joint stability.


Ball and socket

Ball and Socket joint

Is allows the greatest range


of movement

In this type of joint, head of Two main Ball and Socket Joints:
bone is fits into a socket of Shoulder and hip joints
another bone.

Held together by ligaments


and tendons

Eg. Shoulder and hip


joints
Is allow flexion and extension
with only a small amount of
rotation.
Examples of Hinge Joints:
Elbow and Knee Joints

Eg. Elbow,knee,ankle,finger,toes
Is allow only rotation.

Eg. Proximal & distal radio


ulner joint
In this joint the articular surface of bone it looks
flat & move on the another bone in sliping
movement.

Eg Sternoclavicular joint & Joint b / w carpal & tarsal


bone
The saddle joints allow
the movement of the
joint forward and
backwards, and right
to left.

Eg. Wrist joint


This is allows for
movement in all
directions, however full
rotations.

Eg. Wrist joint,


Metacarpophalangeal joint,
Metatarsal phalangeal joint

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