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C Programming

Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

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73 views15 pages

C Programming

Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

Uploaded by

dharini raju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Functions

Advanced C Project
Benefits of Fuctions
What are fuctions?
Function design
Types Of Function Calls

Call by
Call by value reference
Sends values of the
arguments Sends addresses of
the arguments
main() Call by value
int a=20,b=10;

swap(a,b); \\Calling function


Value of a and b is
printf(“a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);
copied into x and y
swap(int x,int y) \\Called function

int t;

t=x; Output :
x=y; x=10 , y=20
y=t;
a=20 , b=10
printf(“x=%d,y=%d”,x,y);
Conclusion:

★ With this method, the changes made to the


arguments in the called function have no effect on
the arguments in the calling function.
main() Call by reference a b
int a=20,b=10; 20 10
1001 1002
swap(&a,&b);

printf(“a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);
a b
swap(int *x,int *y) 10 20
int t; 1001 1002

t=*x;
x y
*x=*y; Output:
1001 1002
a=10 b=20
*y=t;
2003 2004
Conclusion:

★ With this method, using addresses in the called function,


we can have an access to the arguments in the calling
function and hence we can manipulate them.
★ Using a call by reference, we can make a function return
more than one value at a time, which is not possible
ordinarily.
PRE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS IN C LANGUAGE:
● Basically, predefined functions in C program means whose defintion is already
saved in the header files.
● There are many Inbuilt functions in C program, those are also said to be library
functions.

Few Pre-defined functions are explained below:

Syntax for printf: printf(“hello“);// when any comment has to be


printed//

printf(“format specifier“,var_name);//when value of a


variable has to be displayed.//
2.Syntax for scanf: scanf("access modifier",&var_name);

The defination of printf & scanf functions is stored in <stdio.h> file.

3.Syntax for getch getch();

4.Syntax for clrscr clrscr();

The defination of getch & clrscr functions is stored in <conio.h> file.


5. Syntax for pow() var_name=pow(base,index);

6.Syntax for sqrt() var_name=sqrt(var_name);

The defination of pow() & sqrt() is stored in <math.h> header file.


Example for printf,scanf & getch,clrscr functions.
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: “);

scanf(“%d“,a);
getch();

Example for pow & sqrt functions.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()
{

int a,p,rt;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: “);

scanf(“%d“,a);

p=pow(a,4);

rt=sqrt(a);

printf(“power of the number is:%d “,p);

printf(“square root of the number is:%d “,rt);

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