Truncus Cerebri
Muhammad Iqbal Basri
Anatomy Department
Hasanuddin University
Truncus cerebri
Posisi – terletak pada
fossa cranii posterior,
Bersama dengan
cerebellum
Foramen magnum –
batas caudal
Ke cranial melanjutkan
diri menjadi diencephalon
Truncus cerebri
Terdiri dari
Mesencephalon
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Truncus cerebri
Struktur externa
Struktur interna :
komponen utama truncus
cerebri
Nuclei nervi craniales
Long tracts: ascendens,
descendens
Cerebellar activity
Formatio reticularis and
related structures
Medulla oblongata
Ventral surface
Pyramis: contain pyramidal
tract (corticospinal tract)
Decussatio pyramidalis:
formed by crossing fibers of tractus
corticospinalis
Oliva : produced by underlying
nucleus olivarius inferior
Sulcus anterolateral: rootlets of
nervus hypoglossus emerge from it
Sulcus retroolivarius: rootlets
of glossopharyngeal, vagus and
accessory nerves emerge from it
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Medulla oblongata
Dorsal surface
Lower portion
Tuberculum gracilis: produced
by underlying nucleus gracilis
Tuberculum cuneatum: marks
the site of nucleus cuneatus
Pedunculus cerebelli inferior
Obex
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Pons
Ventral surface
Pars basilaris
Sulcus basilaris
Sulcus bulbopontine: from
medial to lateral, the abducent,
facial and vestibulocochlear
nerves appear
Pedunculus cerebellarius
medius
Nervus trigeminus
Trigonum pontocerebellaris:
the junction of medulla, pons and
cerebellum
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Pons
Dorsal surface
Pedunculus
cerebellarius superior
Pedunculus
cerebellaris medius
(brachium pontis)
Velum medullaris
superior
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Mesencephalon
Ventral surface
Crus cerebri
Fossa
interpeduncularis
nervus oculomotorius
emerge from medial of crus cerebri
Substantia perforata
posterior
Mesencephalon
Dorsal surface
Colliculus superior
constitute centers for
visual reflexes
Colliculus inferior
associated with auditory
pathway
Brachium colliculus
superior
Brachium colliculus
inferior
Ventriculus quartus
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Position
Situated ventral to
cerebellum, and
dorsal to pons and
cranial half of
medulla
Fossa Rhomboidea
Batas-batas:
Inferolateral: gracile
and cuneate tubercles,
inferior cerebellar
peduncle
Superolateral: superior
cerebellar peduncle
Recessus lateralis
Struktur eksterna
Sulcus medianus
Sulcus limitans
Area vestibularis overlies
nucleus vestibularis
Acoustic tubercle overlying
dorsal cochlear nucleus
Eminentia medialis
Stria medullaris
Colliculus facialis: overlies
nucleus of abducent n. and genu
of facial nerve
Trigonum nervus
hypoglossus : overlying
hypoglossal nucleus
Trigonum nervus vagus:
overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus
nerve
Roof of fossa
rhomboidea
Anterior part: formed by
superior cerebellar peduncle
and superior medullary
velum
Posterior part: formed by
inferior medullary velum and
choroid plexus of fourth
ventricle
Three apertures
Foramen magendii (medial,1)
Foramen Luschae (lateral, 2)
Struktur interna
Substantia grisea
Nuclei nervi craniales
Nuclei relay
Struktur interna
truncus cerebri
•Tegmentum
•Tectum
•Pars basilaris
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Mesencepahalon
Tectum mesencephalon:
includes superior and inferior
colliculi
Pedunculus cerebri
Tegmentum :
contain ascending tracts, central gray
matter, recticular formation and so on
Substantia nigra
Crus cerebri :
Tractus pyramidalis－ middle three-
fifths of the crus:
Tractus frontopontine medial one-
fifth:
Tractus parietotempopontine
lateral one-fifth
General somatic motor nuclei
Nucleus [Link]
Nucleus [Link]
Nucleus [Link]
Nucleus [Link]
General somatic motor nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Nucleus of Midbrain Ⅲ Supreior, inferior,and
medial recti, inf. obliquus,
Oculomotor n. levator palpebrae superioris
Nucleus of Midbrain Ⅳ Superior obliquus
trochlear n.
Nucleus of Pons Ⅵ Lateral rectus
abducent n.
Nucleus of Medulla Ⅻ Muscles of tongue
hypoglossal n.
Special visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus motoric [Link]
Nucleus [Link]
Nucleus ambiguus
Nucleus accessorius
Special visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Motor nucleus of Pons Ⅴ Masticatory muscles
trigeminal n.
Nucleus of facial n. Pons Ⅶ Facial m., platysma,
posterior belly of digastric,
stylohyoid, stapedius
Nucleus ambiguus Medulla Ⅸ,Ⅹ.Ⅺ Skeletal m. of pharynx,
larynx and upper part of
esophagus
Accessory nucleus Medulla- Ⅺ Sternocleidomastoid,
cervical cord trapezius
General visceral motor nuclei
Accessory
oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus salivatorius
superior
Nucleus salivatorius
inferior
Nucleus dorsalis
[Link]
General visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Accessory Midbrain Ⅲ Sphincter pupillae and
oculomotor nucleus ciliary m.
Superior salivatory Pons Ⅶ Submandibular,
nucleus sublingual and lacrimal
glands
Inferior salivatory Medulla Ⅸ Parotid gland
nucleus
Dorsal nucleus of medulla Ⅹ Many cervical,
vagus n. thoracic and abdominal
viscera
Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special )
Nucleus tractus solitarius
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special )
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Nucleus of Medulla Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ Taste and visceral
solitary tract sensation
General somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus
mesencephalicus
[Link]
Nucleus pontine
[Link]
Nucleus spinalis n.
trigeminus
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
General somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Mesencephalic Midbrain Ⅴ Proprioception
nucleus of of head
trigeminal n.
Pontine nucleus Pons Ⅴ Tactile sensation
of trigeminal n. of head
Spinal nucleus of Medulla Ⅴ Pain and
trigeminal n. temperature
sense of head
Special somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus cochlearis
Nucleus vestibularis
Special somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Cochlear Pons and Ⅷ Sense of hearing
nuclei medulla
Vestibular Pons and Ⅷ Sense of
nuclei medulla equilibrium
Relay nuclei
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Nucleus olivarius inferior
Nucleus olivarius superior
Pontine nucleus
Nucleus of inferior colliculus
Gray matter layers of
superior colliculus
Nucleus ruber
Substantia nigra
Pretectal area
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
Non-cranial nerve nuclei
Nucleus Site
Gracile nucleus Medulla (underneath gracile tubercle)
Cuneate nucleus Medulla (underneath cuneate tubercle)
Superior olivery nucleus Pons
Pontine nucleus pons
Nucleus of inferior colliculus Midbrain
Gray matter layers of superior Midbrain
colliculus
Red nucleus Midbrain
Substantia nigra Midbrain
Pretectal area Midbrain
Long tract
Tractus ascendens
Lemniscus medialis
Lemniscus spinalis
Lemniscus trigeminus
Lemniscus lateralis
Medial lemniscus
Spinal lemniscus
Lemniscus trigeminus
Tractus descendens
Tractus corticospinalis
Tractus rubrospinalis
Tractus tectospinalis
Tractus vestibulospinalis
Tractus reticulospinalis
Lemniscus lateral
Formatio reticularis
Ascending reticular
activating system
(ARAS)
Motor central and
vital centres
Reticulospinal tract
Cardiovascular center
and respiratory center
Raphe nuclei -
serotonin
References
Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body, by Henry Gray,
13th ed. Philadelphia 1918
Agur, Anne M.R, Dalley, Arthur [Link]'s Atlas of
Anatomy, 12th Edition.
Gray’s Anatomy for student
Handbook of Anatomy
Atlas of Spatelholz
Systematic Anatomy, [Link]
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THANK YOU
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