* It is a
reference to a
published or
unpublished
source
• It is important to cite sources you used
in your research for several reasons:
• To show your reader you’ve done proper research by listing sources you used to
get your information
• To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and
acknowledging their ideas
• To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors
• To allow your reader to track down the sources you used by citing them
accurately in your paper by way of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list.
• Stands for “American
Psychological
Association”
• is a widely used author
date system of referencing
or bibliographic citation
TWO TYPES OF REFERENCING:
IN-TEXT REFERENCE
CITATIONS LIST
• Also called parenthetical * List of all sources you
citations
used in your research and
• appears throughout appears at the end of your
your paper at the end of paper
sentences you are citing.
BOOKS
Author, A. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle
(edition.). (Volume(s).) Place of Publication:
Publisher.
Ex.
Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and
adolescence: The construction of meaning. London,
England: Falmer Press.
1970
Jacqueline Finney
Simon and Schuster
New York, NY
Time and again
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon
and Schuster.
Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of work:
Subtitle (edition.). (Volume(s).) Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Ex.
Colclough, B., & Colclough J. (1999). A challenge to
change. London, England: Thorsons.
Learning to do qualitative data analysis: An observational study of
doctoral work.
2007
Caroline Seale
Sarah Li
Empire Press
Washington DC, Califonia
EX.
Li, S., & Seale, C. (2007). Learning to do qualitative
data analysis: An observational study of doctoral work.
Washington DC, Califonia: Empire Press.
Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. & Rubin, D.
(2000). Contrast and effect sizes in
behavioral research. A correlational
approach. Cambridge, England:
Cambridge University Press.
1984
Robin Scott
Damian Miller
Henry Marcus
Social Stigma: The psychology of marked
relationships
Collier Books
New York, NY
Marcus, H., Miller, D., & Scott, R. (1984). Social
stigma: The psychology of marked relationships.
New York, NY: Collier Books
Synder, C. R. (Ed.). (1999). Coping:
The psychology of what works. New
York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Television: The critical view
Harry Newcomb
2000
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
Newcomb, H. (Ed.). (2000).
Television: The critical view. New
York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Title of the book. (Date). Place of
Publication: Publisher.
AIDS: The ultimate challenge. (1993).
New York, NY: Collier Books.
Blackwell House
The black dictionary of cognitive psychology
1991
Oxford, England
The black dictionary of cognitive
psychology. (1991). Oxford,
England: Blackwell House.
JOURNALS
Article Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number (issue no. if necessary),
inclusive page numbers.
Ex.
Kyratsis, A. (2004). Talk and interaction among
children and the co-construction of peer groups and
peer culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(4),
231-247.
2007
Hannah Ong
Applied Geochemistry
Adsorption of aromatic carboxylate compounds on the
surface of synthesized iron oxide-coated sands
Page 2045-2053
Volume no. 22
Ong, H. (2007). Adsorption of aromatic carboxylate
compounds on the surface of synthesized iron
oxide-coated sands. Applied Geochemistry,
22,2045-2053.
Title of Article. (Year). Title of Journal, Volume
Number(issue no.), inclusive page numbers.
The pain of being caffeine freak. (2001).
New Scientist, 172(2311), 27.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume no. 35
Page 572-580
Adolescent depression: A review
2001
Adolescent depression: A review. (2001).
Australian and New Zealand Journal of
Psychiatry, 35, 572-580.
NEWSPAPERS
Article Author, A. A. (Year, date). Title of
article. Title of Newspaper: Section,
inclusive page numbers.
Hatch, B. (2006, July 13). Smoke lingers for
those who keep hospitality flowing. Australian
Financial Review, p. 14.
Kissane, K.
(1998, September 5).
Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a battered woman kills?
The Age:Extra
Page 6
Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill:
Who is the victim when a battered woman
kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.
Comstock drill plans reined in. (2009,
January 9). Upstream: The International Oil
and Gas Newspaper, p. 20.
Tantrums seen as suicide warning
The West Australian
August 11,1997
Page 26
Tantrums seen as suicide warning. (1997,
August 11). The West Australian, p. 26.
MAGAZINES
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article
title. Magazine Title, volume(issue), pp.
Page(s).
Rothbart, D. (2008, October). How I
caught up with dad. Men's Health, 108-
113.
Compliance Week
Social media use in the financial industry
James Jaeger
August 2010
Page 54
Jaeger, J. (2010, August). Social media use
in the financial industry. Compliance Week,
54.
INTERNET
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date
Published). Article title. Retrieved from
URL
Satalkar, B. (2010, July 15). Water
aerobics. Retrieved from
[Link]
June 29, 2012
Social Media Today RSS
[Link]
Kevin Cain
The negative effects of Facebook on communication
Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The negative effects
of Facebook on communication. Social Media
Today RSS. Retrieved from
[Link]
THANK YOU!!!
APA Publication Manual Task Force (June 1977). "Guidelines for nonsexist language
in APA journals [Change Sheet 2]". American Psychologist. Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association. 30 (6): 682–684. doi:10.1037/0003-
066X.32.6.487. ISSN 0003-066X. OCLC 696450842. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association". Psychological
Bulletin. 49 (4): 388–448. 1952.
Epstein, Jennifer (October 13, 2009). Jaschik, Scott; Lederman, Doug
(eds.). "Correcting a Style Guide". Inside Higher Ed. Washington, DC.
Retrieved October 27, 2011.
Anderson, J. E.; Valentine, W. L. (June 1944). "The preparation of articles for
publication in the journals of the American Psychological Association". Psychological
Bulletin. 41 (6): 345–376. ISSN 0033-2909.
