Ravi Prakash Gupta
PGDB-10-10-22
Institute of Bioinformatics and
Applied biotechnology,
Bangalore.
Fuzzy C-Means 1
Types of Clustering
Exclusive Clustering (K-Means)
Overlapping Clustering (Fuzzy C-Means)
Hierarchical clustering
Mixture of Gaussians or Probabilistic
Clustering
Fuzzy C-Means 2
“Fuzzy clustering is a process of
assigning these membership levels,
and then using them to assign data
elements to one or more clusters.”
Fuzzy C-Means 3
A fuzzy set is a pair (A,m) where A is a set and .
m:A[0,1]
For each X belongs to A , m(x) is called the grade
of membership of x in (A,m). For a finite set A =
{x1,...,xn}, the fuzzy set (A,m) is often denoted
by {m(x1) / x1,...,m(xn) / xn}.
Let X€A . Then x is called not included in the fuzzy
set (A,m) if m(x) = 0, x is called fully included if
m(x) = 1, and x is called fuzzy member if 0 <
m(x) < 1. The set {x€a/m₍x₎>0}is called the
support of (A,m) and the {x€A|m(x)=1}set is
called its kernel.
Fuzzy C-Means 4
Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is a method of clustering
which allows one piece of data to belong to two
or more clusters using Euclidean Distance .
This method was developed by Dunn in 1973
and improved by Bezdek in 1981 and it is
frequently used in pattern recognition.
Fuzzy C-Means 5
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Take n number of Similar points.
Step-3: Assign threshold value for each
cluster.
Step-4: Take the ‘point coefficient’ or the
degree to which the point is associated with
the cluster.
.
Fuzzy C-Means 6
Step-5: Check point coefficient for each point by
iterating the magnitude of the distances
Step-6: Repeat step-5 to compute :
a) Centroid for each cluster
b) Point coefficient of being in the
cluster.
Step-7: Repeat step-6 until the algorithm
minimizes intra-cluster variance as well.
Step-8: Stop
Fuzzy C-Means 7
With fuzzy c-means, the centroid of a cluster is
computed as being the mean of all
points,weighted by their degree of belonging to
the cluster.
The degree of being in a certain cluster (degree
of membership) related to the inverse of the
distance to the cluster.
By iteratively updating the cluster centers and
the membership grades for each data point, FCM
iteratively moves the cluster centers to the
"right"location within a data set.
Fuzzy C-Means 8
Medical diagnostics : Example- MRI.
Libraries: book ordering.
Marketing: finding groups of customers with
similar behavior given a large database.
Insurance: identifying groups of motor insurance
policy holders with a high average claim cost;
identifying frauds.
Fuzzy C-Means 9
CASE STUDY
In this work, unsupervised clustering methods
were performed to cluster the patients into
three clusters by using thyroid gland data
obtained by Dr.Coomans.
Here, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Hard Cmeans
(HCM) algorithms are used as an unsupervised
clustering method to cluster the patients.
As a result of clustering algorithms, patients’
statuses are classified normal, hyperthyroid
function and hypothyroid function
The application of Fuzzy C-Means causes the class
membership to become a relative one randan object can
belong to several classes at thesame time but with
different degrees. This is an important feature for
medical diagnostic systems to increase the sensitivity.
The graphical representation of the results is shown
below
For the membership degrees
close to 0.5 are the
suspicious cases (shaded area
in Table) to assign the
sample to one cluster.
Therefore fuzzy c-means
clustering for medical
diagnostic systems is more
reliable than the hard one.
In medical diagnostic
systems, fuzzy c-means
algorithm gives the better
results than hard-kmeans
algorithm.
Fuzzy Means clustering in Medical Diagnostics.
www.endocrineweb.com/thyroid.html
www.mathworks.com
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Fuzzy C-Means 13
