Introduction
of Arduino
Arduino Board
• Created in Ivrea, Italy in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles
• Open Source Hardware
• Coding is accessible & transferrable (C++, Processing, java)
Arduino…
http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino
PWR IN USB
(to Computer)
RESET
SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
Analog
INPUTS
Go ahead and plug your board in!
SIK Components
Name Image Type Function Notes
Push Button Digital Input Switch - Closes Polarized, needs
or opens circuit resistor
Trim Analog Input Variable resistor Also called a
Trimpot.
potentiometer
Photoresistor Analog Input Light Dependent Resistance varies
Resistor (LDR) with light.
Relay Digital Output Switch driven by Used to control
a small signal larger voltages
Temp Sensor Analog Input Temp Dependent
Resistor
Flex Sensor Analog Input Variable resistor
Soft Trimpot Analog Input Variable resistor Careful of shorts
RGB LED Dig & Analog 16,777,216 Ooh... So pretty.
Output different colors
SIK Components
SIK Components
What’s a Breadboard?
Solderless Breadboard
Each row (horiz.) of 5
holes are connected.
Vertical columns –
called power bus are
connected vertically
Using the Breadboard to built a simple
circuit
Use the breadboard to
wire up a single LED
with a 330 Ohm
Resistor (Orange-
Orange-Brown).
Note: the longer leg on the
LED is the positive leg and
the shorter leg is the
negative
Fritzing View of Breadboard Circuit
What happens
when you break
the circuit?
What if you
wanted to add
more than one
LED?
Adding control – let’s use the Arduino
and start programming!!!
Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT
Microcontroller (electrical board).
Inputs is a signal / Output is any signal
information going into exiting the board.
the board.
Almost all systems that use physical computing will
have some form of output
What are some examples of Outputs?
Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT
Inputs is a signal / Output is any signal
information going into exiting the board.
the board.
Examples: Buttons Examples: LEDs, DC motor,
Switches, Light Sensors, servo motor, a piezo buzzer,
Flex Sensors, Humidity relay, an RGB LED
Sensors, Temperature
Sensors…
Concepts: Analog vs. Digital
Microcontrollers are digital devices – ON or OFF. Also
called – discrete.
analog signals are anything that can be a full range of
values. What are some examples? More on this later…
5V 5V
0V 0V
Open up Arduino
Hints:
For PC Users
1.Create a folder under C:\Program Files (x86)
called Arduino. Move the entire Arduino
program folder here.
Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Two required functions /
methods / routines:
void setup()
{
// runs once
}
void loop()
{
// repeats
error & status messages }
Settings: Tools Serial Port
Your computer
communicates to the
Arduino microcontroller via
a serial port through a
USB-Serial adapter.
Check to make sure that the
drivers are properly
installed.
Settings: Tools Board
Next, double-check that the proper board is
selected under the ToolsBoard menu.
Arduino & Arduino Compatible Boards
digitalWrite()
BIG 6 CONCEPTS
analogWrite()
digitalRead()
if() statements / Boolean
analogRead()
Serial communication
Let’s get to coding…
Project #1 – Blink
“Hello World” of Physical Computing
Psuedo-code – how should this work?
Turn
Turn Rinse &
Wait LED Wait
LED ON Repeat
OFF
Comments, Comments, Comments
Comments are for you – the programmer and
your friends…or anyone else human that
might read your code.
// this is for single line comments
// it’s good to put a description at the top and
before anything ‘tricky’
/* this is for multi-line comments
Like this…
And this….
comments
Three commands to know…
pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT);
ex: pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW);
ex: digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(time_ms);
ex: delay(2500); // delay of 2.5 sec.
// NOTE: -> commands are CASE-sensitive
Project #1: Wiring Diagram
Move the
green wire
from the
power bus to
pin 13 (or any
other Digital
I/O pin on the
Arduino board.
A few simple challenges
Let’s make LED#13 blink!
Challenge 1a – blink with a 200 ms second
interval.
Challenge 1b – blink to mimic a heartbeat
Challenge 1c – find the fastest blink that the
human eye can still detect…
1 ms delay? 2 ms delay? 3 ms delay???
Try adding other LEDs
Can you blink two, three, or four
LEDs?
(note: Each LED will need 330 W
resistor.)
How about Police Light?
Programming Concepts: Variables
Variable Scope
Global
---
Function-level
Programming Concepts: Variable Types
Variable Types:
8 bits 16 bits 32 bits
byte int long
char unsigned int unsigned long
float
Fading in and Fading Out
(Analog or Digital?)
A few pins on the Arduino allow for us to
modify the output to mimic an analog signal.
This is done by a technique called:
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Concepts: Analog vs. Digital
To create an analog signal, the microcontroller uses a
technique called PWM. By varying the duty cycle, we
can mimic an “average” analog voltage.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Project #2 – Fading
Introducing a new command…
analogWrite(pin, val);
pin – refers to the OUTPUT pin
(limited to pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11.) –
denoted by a ~ symbol
val – 8 bit value (0 – 255).
0 => 0V | 255 => 5V
Move one of your LED pins over to Pin 9
In Arduino, open up:
File Examples 01.Basics Fade
Fade - Code Review
Fade - Code Review
End of First Part
PWR IN USB
(to Computer)
RESET
SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
Analog
INPUTS
