Petroleum Engineering Department

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD

STRING DESIGN

2019

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

1
DESIGN
 Students:
Muhammad N. Bashasha. (1032)
Salah H. Issa. (0980)
Moataz M. Younis. (0816)
Muhammad S. Emlisa. (0800)
Abdul Wahab A. Emhamad. (0643)

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 Introduction to Artificial Lift

Artificial Lift Methods

Sucker Rod Pumps

Elect. Submersible Pumps

Main Points
Gas Lifting

Measurement & Diagnosing Devices

Case Study

Conclusions & Recommendations

11/21/2019

3
 Artificial lift
• Introduction to Artificial Lifting
 Most of wells completed are based on natural flow
for some period of time,

 but after The production of well for other period of

time the reservoir pressure declines,

 When reservoir pressure is insufficient to flow the

well to surface, artificial lifting must be used.
 Artificial Lift Systems

 Gas lift

 Electrical Submersible Pump

 Sucker rod Pump

 GAS LIFTING
•Gas lift is the method of artificial lift which utilizes an
external source of high pressure gas for supplementing
formation gas to reduce the bottomhole pressure and lift the
well fluids.
TYPES OF GAS LIFT

Continuous Flow Gas Lift:

This method is used in high PI wells.

Intermittent Flow Gas Lift:

This method is used in low PI wells.

The Electrical Submersible Pumping units (ESP)
was invented by the Russian A.Arutyunoff in 1916
whose pumps were first manufactured by the
REDA company in 1930.
This pumping system uses a multistage
centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor
merged in well fluid.
They are suitable for different well conditions and
wide range of fluid rates ( 250 – 60,000 ) b/d.
 ESP System Components
Surface Components

Subsurface Equipment
 Prime Mover
Casing
Surface pumping
• Surface Pumping Unit unit
Tubing
•Sucker Rod String
•Subsurface Sucker Rod Pump
Sucker
Rods
Each of the above mentioned items can
vary in size, materials & geometry.
Subsurface
pump
• Surface Pumping Unit
•Sucker Rod String
•Subsurface Sucker Rod Pump

• Capable to Produce at a very low rates

•Longer Run Life
•More efficient in wells with no water production
• Lower Operating Costs
 The pumping units are designed in different
geometries:

Conventional Type Mark II Type

11 Airbalanced Type 11/21/2019

The Pumping Units are Designed in Different Capacities:

API Unit Designation Example

C640D -365-144
Maximum Stroke
Length,144 inch

PPRL allowed
36,500 lb

Conventional
Double Reduction Gearbox with
640,000 In lb Maximum Torque
Capacity
Rod String :
Composed of sucker rods run inside the
tubing string of the well, and it’s main
function is to provide a link between the
surface unit and subsurface pump.

Sucker rods come in standard sizes : 5/8” ,

3 / 4” ,7/8” and 1”.
Tapers are described by API as “Rod No.”, which refers
to the largest and smallest rod size in eights of an inch.
For example,
 Rod No. 86 is a three-way taper of 1 ᵡ 7/8 ᵡ 3/4-inch
rods
 Rod No. 85 is a four-way taper of 1 ᵡ 7/8 ᵡ 3/4 ᵡ 5/8-
inch rods
 Rod No. 88 is a straight string of 1-inch rods.

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
Its funcation
Used to transmit the energy from surface equipment to the down
hole pump.
For depths > 2000 ft, it usually desirable to tapered rod string

- The smallest diameters placed immediately above the pump

where the rod load is small
- The largest diameters placed at shallow depths where the rod load is high
- Usually these are in sequences up to four different rod sizes.

Advantages of using tapered rod string

1- Provide a stronger rod design
2- Decrease the load on the surface equipment than untapered
3- Decrease the cost

15 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

Subsurface Sucker
Rod Pumps
 Subsurface Pump Components
TWO MAIN TYPES OF SUBSURFACE PUMPS:

Insert Pump (Rod Pump) –

Fits inside the production tubing and is
seated in nipple in the tubing.

Tubing Pump –
Barrel is part of the tubing string
 API PUMP DESIGNATION EXAMPLE

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EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN
 19
Start of Upstroke

Completion of Upstroke

DESIGN
EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING
Start of Downstroke
PUMPING CYCLE

Completion of Downstroke
 Measurement & Diagnosing Devices
All measurements on the pumping wells were done
with Well Analyzer equipment manufactured by
Echometer Company

The Main Applications of the Well Analyzer

Motor
Acoustic Well
Power/Current
Surveys
Analysis

Dynamometer Pressure Transient

Surveys Testing

20 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 Well Analyzer Components

TWM Software

Power Sensors
Load Transducer EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING
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DESIGN
 TWM Software calculates:
The Dynamic Liquid Level and the Inflow
Performance Parameters
The Surface Dynamometer Card.
Polished Rod Loads
Power Input to the Motor
The Torque and Counterbalancing Condition of
the Gear reducer

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 CASE STUDY
Calculation of Maximum Stress at the Top of
each Rod String
Beda Field

23 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 BEDA OIL FIELD
Beda field Concession 47 lies in Sirte basin, OPERATED BY Arabian
Gulf Oil Company .

 Beda reservoir consists of three main oil producing formations:

4,000- ft, 3,900- ft, and a shallow zone (SHZ), from bottom to top.
The field is subdivided into two producing pools: north, south

LIBYA
EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING
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DESIGN
 BEDA OIL FIELD HISTORY
The drilling phase started in mid-1959 with drilling the well B01 in
south area.
 Production started in about January 1964 as the plant facility was
built. With a year-to-date a total of
68 wells been drilled and only 20 are still on production by SRP.
The monthly updated of field daily production and cumulative
oil, gas and water,
production for all wells in September 2019 is summarized in the
table :

25 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

Beda wells are producing with two different artificial lift (AL) types:
sucker rod pumps (SRP) and electric submersible pumps (ESP).

Most of ESP wells have a high WC compared with SRP wells.

ESP is more suitable for lifting high-PI wells (higher than 2 BPD/psi);
SRP is the best solution for low-PI wells (less than 2 BPD/psi).

4000 N & S Reservoirs are characterized by high PI & Highy WC%

(ESP)

3900 ,SHZ N & S Reservoirs are characterized by low PI & low WC%
(SRP)
26
EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN
27
  Beda Field is one of Arabian Gulf Oil Company fields

 20 wells producing by Sucker Rod Pumping .

Four (4) wells are selected from Beda field :

B-01-47 B-05-47 B-27-47 B-50-47

28 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 Beda Field
1092500 1095000 1097500 1100000 1102500 1105000
276000 Abandoned 276000
Dry Hole
Observation
Oil Producer
Proposed
Suspended
Water Disposal
272000 B5 B45 272000

B44
B61

B13 B47 B3
BEDA NORTH B48 B46 B20A
B20 B39
268000 B40 268000
B43
B43A B26 B17
B27 B23 B21 B19 B38
B2 B30A B58
B30 B50 B65 B10 B29 B14
B18
B41 B31
B67H B8
B8A B53 B22
W DW
B42-B3 B59
W DW
W DW -B4-B2 B49 B37
B51 B60
B52 B35 B16

264000 B36 264000

BEDA SOUTH B4

B54

B7 B15
260000 B34B6 B33 260000
B6A
B25 B66H
B63B9
W DW
B1-B2 B11
B68H
B62
B57A
B57
B32
B64
B55 B24 B12

B56

29
256000 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN 256000
1092500 1095000 1097500 1100000 1102500 1105000
 Well B-5-47

Well B-27-47

Well B-50-47

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING
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DESIGN
• Weight of Rod string
• Weight of Fluid
• Maximum stress in Rod
• Stretch
• Buoyancy Factor
• Friction
• Wellhead pressure

32 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 SURFACE UNITS
• All the Wells are Equipped by LUFKIN

Mark II Type LUFKIN Surface Units

• API Designation of the Units:

M456-256-120 Wells B-01,B-05,B-27 and B-50.

Evaluating the Present status of the Wells

33 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 B-01 B-05 B-27 B-50
8 SPM 8 SPM 8 SPM 8 SPM
Stroke Length Stroke Length
Stroke Length Stroke Length
120” 104”
88” 88”

Rod No. 86
Rod No. 87
Rod No. 76 Rod No. 87

Pump Size 2 ¼”
Pump Size 1 3/4”
Pump Size 1 3/4” Pump Size 2 1/2”

307 B/d 209 B/d 70 B/d 333 B/d

22% WC 0% WC 0% WC 0% WC

34 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 M456-256-120

35 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 Calculating the Maximum and Minimum
Stresses at the top of each rod size,
 Calculating the Allowable Stress,

 Calculating the Stress Ratio,

 Check either the Operation is Safe or not

36 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 1. Calculation of Rod Weight in Air for each string
Wr = Length of Rod x Weight Lb/ft

Rod Size Metal Area Weight Lb/ft

¾” 0.442 1.634

7/8” 0.601 2.224

1” 0.785 2.904
2. Calculation of Minimum and Maximum loads due to rod
weight , Fmin , Fmax
Fmin = Wr x (1-0.128 S.g)
Fmax = Fmin + Fo

Fo=0.34 x D2 x L x S.g
Fluid Load
EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING
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DESIGN
3.Calculation of Maximum & Minimum Stresses
Smax = Fmax / Rod Area (psi)
Smin = Fmin / Rod Area (psi)

4. Calculation of allowable Stress, Sa

Sa= SF ( Ta/4+ 0.5625 X Smin)

Rod Composition Tensile Strength, Psi

Grade SF = Service Factor
Min Max
Ta = Tensile Strength
K AISI 46_ _ 85,000 115,000
C AISI 1536 90,000 115,000
D Carbon or 115,000 140,000
Alloy

38
IF Sa Greater than
EVALUATION OF SUCKER RODSmax
STRING ( SAFE OPERATION)
DESIGN
 WELL No. B-01-47
Rod Length Wr Fmin Fmax Smax Smin Sa R
Size

¾” 1146 1872.56 1671.23 5205 11787 3785 26247 0.45

7/8’’ 1400 3113.6 4450.05 7984 13284 7404 27978 0.47

1” 1400 4065.6 8078.52 11612 14793 10291 29358 0.50

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 WELL No. B-05-47

ROD LENGTH Wr Fmin Fmax Smax Smin Sa R

SIZE

7/8” 2475 5504.4 4905.52 7906 13154 8162 28340 0.46

1” 1329 3859.42 8345.03 11345 14453 10631 29520 0.49

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 WELL No. B-27-47

ROD LENGTH Wr Fmin Fmax Smax Smin Sa R

SIZE

¾” 2325 3799.05 3385.71 6225 14098 7668 28104 0.50

7/8” 1350 3002.4 6061.45 8901 14809 10085 29260 0.51

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

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DESIGN
 WELL No. B-50-47
ROD LENGTH Wr Fmin Fmax Smax Smin Sa R
SIZE

7/8” 2275 5059.6 4503.2 9757 16235 7493 28020 0.58

1” 1450 4210.8 9270.4 14525 18503 11809 30084 0.62

42 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 :
 Well B-01 : Three Rod string sizes ( API No.86) 1” rod at the top
with max stress 14,793 psi and stress ratio 50%

 Allowed stress is greater than the maximum stress that means

(SAFE OPERATION)

 Lower Smax at the top of 1” string than the Smax of well B-50

 Well B-05 : Two Rod string sizes ( API No.87) 1” rod at the top with
max stress 14,453psi and stress ratio 49%

43 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

 :
 Well B-27 : Two Rod string sizes ( API No.76) 7/8” rod at the top
with max stress 14,809 psi and stress ratio 51%

 Well B-50 : Two Rod string sizes ( API No.87) 1” rod at the top
with max stress 18,503 psi and stress ratio 62%

 Allowed stress is greater than the maximum stress that means

(SAFE OPERATION)

EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING

44
DESIGN
 :
 Redesign the rod string of well B-50 to lower
the maximum stress at the top of 1” string

 Lighter rod weights and safer operation is

recommended
 Complete Sucker rod system optimization is
required

45 EVALUATION OF SUCKER ROD STRING DESIGN

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