Marketing Communications
The Communications Process
Message
Sender Encoding Decoding Receiver
Media
Noise
Feedback Response
Marketing Communications mix
Advertising
Advertising
Personal
Personal Selling
Selling
Sales
Sales Promotion
Promotion
Public
Public Relations
Relations
Direct
Direct Marketing
Marketing
Integrated Marketing
Communications
This brings about synergy and better use
of communication funds
Improves the company’s ability to reach
the right consumer at the right place at
the right time with the right message.
Distortions in Communication
Selective attention
Selective distortion
Selective retention
Communications model
AIDA model
The hierarchy of effects model
The innovation – adoption model
AIDA Model
Attention
Interest
Desire
Action
The Hierarchy of Effects model
Awareness
Knowledge
Liking
Preference
Conviction
Action
The Innovation Adoption
model
Awareness
Interest
Evaluation
Trial
Adoption
Message
Content
Structure
Format
Source
Message Source
Source credibility
Endorser
Depending on the attitudes of the
consumer, the communication will either
get a +ve , neutral or -ve response
depending on what attitudes the
consumer has of the endorser
Message Format
The message has to be considered
depending on which media is going to be
used – e.g.. Layouts, props, models,
music, voice, etc.
Communication channels
Personal – Direct selling,WOM
Non Personal – media, atmosphere,
events
Steps in Developing Effective
Communication
Step
Step 1.
1. Identifying
Identifying the
the Target
Target Audience
Audience
Step
Step 2.
2. Determining
Determining the
the Communication
Communication Objectives
Objectives
Buyer
Buyer Readiness
Readiness Stages
Stages
Awareness
Knowledge
Liking
Preference
Purchase
Purchase
Step
Step 3.
3. Designing
Designing aa Message
Message
Message Content
Rational Appeals
Emotional Appeals
Moral Appeals Message Format
Headline, Copy, Color,
Words, & Sounds,
Body Language
Step
Step 4.
4. Choosing
Choosing Media
Media
Personal Communication
Channels
No personal Communication
Channels
Step
Step 5.
5. Collecting
Collecting Feedback
Feedback
Setting the Total Promotion Budget
Affordable Percentage-
Method of-Sales
Method
Competitive- Objective-
Parity and-Task
Method Method
Setting the Promotion Mix
Nature of Each Promotion Tool
Advertising
Advertising
Reaches
ReachesMany
Many Buyers,
Buyers, Expressive
Expressive
Impersonal
Impersonal
Personal
Personal Selling
Selling
Personal
Personal Interaction,
Interaction, Builds
BuildsRelationships
Relationships
Costly
Costly
Public
Public Relations
Relations
Believable,
Believable, Effective,
Effective, Economical
Economical
Underused
Underusedby byMany
Many Companies
Companies
Public
Public Relations
Relations
Believable,
Believable, Effective,
Effective, Economical
Economical
Underused
Underusedby byMany
Many Companies
Companies
Direct
Direct Marketing
Marketing
Nonpublic,
Nonpublic, Immediate,
Immediate, Customized,
Customized,
Integrated Marketing Communications
Company Carefully Integrates and Coordinates Its
Many Communication Channels to Deliver a Clear,
Consistent, Compelling Message.
Advertising
Advertising
Packaging
Packaging
Event
Event Message
Marketing
Message Personal
Personal
Marketing
Selling
Selling
Direct
Direct Sales
Sales
Marketing
Marketing Promotion
Promotion
Public
Public
Relations
Relations