Refrigeration Pressure Control
Pressure
Is defined as force per unit area.
Meter
Barometer
Bourdon Tube
Manometer
Venturimeter
Control Unit
Pressure Switch Pascal (Pa)
Pressure Control Bar
Pressure Transducer Mm of Hg
Relieve Valve Torr
Pounds per square inch (Psi)
Object
Water
Refrigerant
Air
Chemical substance
Refrigeration In refrigeration vapor compression
system often used PRESSURE and
TEMPERATURE to maintain room
Temperature condition or cooling space .
Fluids used as heat transfer medium
we called REFRIGERANT.
Cooling Refrigeration Heating
- R22, R32, R404a, R410a, R134a
and R600a etc (Types of
Refrigerant)
- Freon, Dupon, KLEA, Honeywell
and etc (Refrigerant Brand)
Pressure
Different Types Refrigerant Different
Work Pressure
The sensing device is used to sense
the pressure of substance like
Refrigeration Pressure Control
refrigerants, air, gas, water etc.
In many applications a pressure
control can be used to strictly control
the pressure or it can be used to
Pressure
operate/activate an electrical Indicator
switching device
• Pressure Gauge
• Manometer
Pressure
Some application of refrigerant • Barometer etc. Control
pressure control
• Fixed Pressure Switch Type
• Adjustable Pressure Switch
-Pressure Switches (Start and Stop Type
Compressor, motor or electrical loads)
-Pressure Indicator (Pressure gauge)
-Pressure Motor Control (Cut-in and
Cut-Out)
Refrigerant Pressure Switch
LPS & HPS HPC LPC HLPC
Fixed Adjustable Adjustable Adjustable
- Fixed : Cut-out and Cut-in set point are nonadjustable - Adjustable : Cut-out and Cut-in available to set
LOW PRESSURE SWITCH
Acknowledge
THE CUT-IN THW DIFFERENTIAL , FOUR FACTORS :
It is the pressure that closes the low pressure
• The box’s lowest temperature
control contact and start to run system.
• The TD of the evaporator coil
As an example for a soft drink box: The desired • Desired system “on” time
box temperature is 2.2°C; the system is R-134A • The Drop Pressure (DP) in the suction line
refrigerant. From a pressure/temperature chart,
we see that 31.3 psig is 2.2°C for R-134A. This
will be the cut-in setting.
THE DIFFERENTIAL SETTING THE CUT-OUT
The differential is the difference between the cut- The point at which a control open contact based
in and the cut-out pressures. on the condition it is supposed to maintain.
The differential will determine the system “on”
time: the time it takes to pull the suction
pressure down to the cut-out setting. Usually it
is advantageous to keep the compressor on as
long as possible for maximum efficiency.
PRESSURE SWITCH
Acknowledge
These symbols show how pressure controls connected to switches appear on control
diagrams. Symbols A and B indicate that the circuit will make a rise in pressure. Symbol A
indicates the switch is normally open when the machine does not have power to the
electrical circuit. B shows that the switch is normally closed without power. Symbols C and D
indicate that the circuit will open on a rise in pressure. C is normally open, and D is normally
closed.
LOW PRESSURE SWITCH
Acknowledge
HIGH PRESSURE SWITCH
Acknowledge
THE CUT-IN SET DIFFERENTIAL , FOUR FACTORS :
It is the pressure that closes the low pressure
• The box’s lowest temperature
control contact and start to run system.
• The TD of the evaporator coil
As an example for a beer cooler: The desired • Desired system “on” time
box temperature is 2.2°C; the system is R-134A • The Drop Pressure (DP) in the suction line
refrigerant. From a pressure/temperature chart,
we see that 31.3 psig is 2.2°C for R-134A. This
will be the cut-in setting.
THE DIFFERENTIAL SETTING THE CUT-OUT
The differential is the difference between the cut- The point at which a control open contact based
in and the cut-out pressures. on the condition it is supposed to maintain.
The differential will determine the system “on”
time: the time it takes to pull the suction
pressure down to the cut-out setting. Usually it
is advantageous to keep the compressor on as
long as possible for maximum efficiency.
HIGH – LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
DUAL PRESSURE CONTROL (COMBINED)
Adjustable
Differential
Fixed
Differential
Manual Reset
HIGH – LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
DUAL PRESSURE CONTROL (COMBINED)
HP
Fixed Diff.
Pointer
Pressure Scale
LP
Fixed Diff.
Pointer
Pressure Scale
Auto Reset
HIGH – LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
DUAL PRESSURE CONTROL (COMBINED)
Adjustable
Differential
HP + LP Signal
Fixed
Differential
LP Signal only
HIGH – LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
DUAL PRESSURE CONTROL (COMBINED)
HIGH – LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
DUAL PRESSURE CONTROL (COMBINED)
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
Low Pressure Control (Fixed Diff) Manual Reset
Fixed
Differential
Adjustable
Differential
Manual Reset
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
Low Pressure Control Setting Up
1. Range/ Set point
Fixed
Differential
Plate Scale
2. Fixed Differential
1. Range/ Set point
Adjustable
Differential
Plate Scale
2. Differential Point
HIGH PRESSURE CONTROL
High Pressure Control Setting Up
Fixed
Differential
For manuall reset
Adjustable
Differential
Automatic Reset
HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
Low-pressure controls are used on In refrigeration system the high-pressure
many medium-temperature refrigeration cut-off switch is a control device which is
systems to control case temperature. used as safety control.
The compressor is stopped by cutting
In order for this type of control to work the power supply of the motor of the
properly, both its cut-in and differential compressor whenever the discharge
pressure settings must be set correctly pressure of the compressor becomes
excessive.
HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
Things that can cause the low Things that can cause the high
pressure switch to trip include : pressure switch to trip include :
• Low refrigerant charge because of a • Bad condenser fan motor
refrigerant leak
• Condenser coils plugged up with dirt and
• Blower motor/fan evaporator failure air debris
handler
• Fins on the coils is bent
• Plugged evaporator coils or a blockage of
air flow • Blockage of the refrigeration system
• Failure of a refrigeration component in
refrigeration system.
