Introduction
Group-3
MSCI-19111113 Talha
Zaheer
MSCI-19111114 Maryam
Jabbar
MSCI-19111115 Arslan
Akram (Leader)
MSCI-19111116 Muhammad
Umer
MSCI-19111117 Zohaib Ali
MSCI-19111118 Abdul
Mughees
MSCI-19111119 Sana
Suleman
MSCI-19111120 Zoraiz
Ather
MSCI-19111121 Muhammad
Aslam
Sexually transmitted Disease (STD)
Presentation
STDs are infections that are passed
from one person to another during
vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They’re
really
common, and lots of people who have
them
don’t have any symptoms. STDs can be
Sexually transmitted Disease (STD)
dangerous, but the good news is that
getting tested is no big deal, and
most STDs are easy to treat.
Symptoms
STIs often don’t cause any signs or symptoms, so it is common to be infected and
not know it. That said, if you do get symptoms they will typically include one or
more of the following
abnormal discharge from your penis or vagina, itching, or general irritation
a burning feeling when you urinate
a rash or sores on or around your genitals
unusual bleeding not associated with your period
pain and swelling in your testicles
Causes and Pathogens
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can
be caused by:
Bacteria (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia)
Parasites (trichomoniasis)
Viruses (human papillomavirus, genital herpes, HIV)
Sexual activity plays a role in spreading many other kinds of infections,
although it's possible to be infected without sexual contact. Examples include
the hepatitis A, B and C viruses, shigella, and Giardia intestinally.
Precautions and Preventions
Use latex condoms every time you have sex.
Avoid sharing towels or underclothing.
Wash before and after intercourse.
Get a vaccination for hepatitis B. This is a series of three shots.
Get tested for HIV.
If you have a problem with drug or alcohol abuse, get help. People who are
drunk or on drugs often fail to have safe sex.
Consider that not having sex is the only sure way to prevent STDs.
Types of STD
CHLAMYDIA
Chlamydia is a very common STD. Women who have chlamydia are much more
likely to get HIV if they are exposed to it.
Also, if it's not treated, chlamydia can cause serious problems, like pelvic
inflammatory disease and not being able to have a baby
Symptoms
Symptoms can include:
Unusual vaginal discharge (not the clear or slightly white fluid women often
have)
Burning when urinating
Bleeding between periods
Pain in your belly area
Back pain
Nausea
Fever
Pain during sex
Causes
Chlamydia trachomatis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
bacterium and is most commonly spread through vaginal, oral and
anal sex. It's also possible for a mother to spread chlamydia to her
child during delivery, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection in
her newborn.
Precautions and Preventions
Using condoms will prevent many cases of chlamydia. If you wanted to reduce
the risks further, you would have to use condoms, femidoms, or dental dams
for oral sex. Oral sex carries a risk even if neither partner cums.
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is caused by a virus called herpes simplex virus (HSV). There
are two types of herpes virus that cause genital herpes: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Usually, genital herpes are HSV-2. But a person with HSV-1 — that's oral
herpes or cold sores around a person's mouth — can pass the virus to another
person's genitals during oral sex.
Genital herpes can increase the risk of HIV infection. That's because HIV can
enter the body more easily where there's a break in the skin, such as a herpes
sore.
Symptoms
Some people have no symptoms. Symptoms can include:
Small red bumps, blisters, or open sores in the genital area or anus (bottom)
that can hurt a lot
Fever, headache, and muscle aches
Swollen glands in the genital area
Itching or burning in genital area
Pain in legs, buttocks, or genital area
Pain when urinating
Symptoms may go away and then come back. Sores usually heal after 2 to 4
weeks. If the sores are mild, a person might think they are just bug bites or other
skin problem.
Causes
Herpes can be spread by vaginal, anal, and oral sex or other sexual contact. It
spreads most easily through contact with open sores, but you also can catch
herpes from skin that doesn't look like it has a sore. Condoms give only
limited protection against herpes.
Herpes also can be passed to a baby during birth, which can be very serious.
Precautions and Preventions
There is no cure, but medicine can help make the times when you have sores
shorter and less frequent. Even if you're taking medicine, you can spread
herpes when you have sores, so wait until they're gone to have sex. And even
if you have no sores, there's still a chance you can pass along the disease. If
you have several outbreaks in a year, a daily medicine may lower your chance
of spreading herpes.
Your doctor may be able to see sores and take fluid from them to be sent to a
lab for testing. If not, he or she may do a blood test.
CHANCROID
Chancroid is also known as soft chancre and ulcus
molle. It is a bacterial infection caused by called
streptobacillus HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI. The
infection causes painful sores on the genitals and
is only spread through sexual contact.
This infection is more common in developing
nations, especially among commercial sex workers
and some lower socioeconomic groups. This is due
to the lack of access to healthcare services, the
stigma attached to seeking help, a lack of
sufficient sexual health education, and other
factorsTrusted Source.
Causes
Chancroid is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by
infection with Haemophilus ducreyi. It is characterized by painful necrotizing
genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy. It is a
highly contagious but curable disease
Symptoms
Symptoms usually occur within four days to ten days from exposure. They
rarely develop earlier than three days or later than ten days.
The ulcer begins as a tender, elevated bump, or papule, that becomes a pus-
filled, open sore with eroded or ragged edges.
The ulcer is soft to the touch (unlike a syphilis chancre that is hard or
rubbery). The term soft chancre is frequently used to describe the chancroid
sore.
The ulcers can be very painful in men but women are often unaware of them.
Because chancroid is often asymptomatic in women, they may be unaware of
the lesion(s).
Painful lymph glands may occur in the groin, usually only on one side;
however, they can occur on both sides.
Precautions and Preventions
limiting the number of sexual partners and practicing safe sex.
avoiding high-risk activities that may lead to getting chancroid or other
sexually transmitted infections.
alerting all partners if you develop the condition so that they may be tested
and treated as well.
SCABIES
Scabies is a contagious skin condition
caused by SARCOPTES SCABIEI, a tiny
mite. They burrow into the skin and
lay their eggs.
A person with scabies develops a skin
rash and experiences intense
itchiness. People with scabies are
often unaware of their condition for
several weeks after initial infection,
which means scabies infestations
spread rapidly.
Causes
Scabies is a skin condition caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei. The
intense itching associated with scabies is thought to be caused by the
immune system reacting to the mites and their saliva, eggs and faeces.
Symptoms
Itching, often severe and usually worse at night
Thin, irregular burrow tracks made up of tiny blisters or bumps on your skin In
infants and young children, common sites of infestation usually include the:
Scalp
Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Precautions and Preventions
Scabies is prevented by avoiding direct skin-to-skin contact with an infested
person or with items such as clothing or bedding used by an infested person.
Scabiestreatment usually is recommended for members of the same
household, particularly for those who have had prolonged skin-to-skin contact
SYPHILIS
Syphilis is the result of TREPONEMA PALLIDUM, a bacterium. It is transmitted
by sexual contact, and the person passing on the infection will have a
syphilitic lesion. A woman who is pregnant and also has syphilis
can pass on this STD to her baby, which can result in stillbirth or serious
congenital deformities
Causes
You face an increased risk of acquiring syphilis if you:
Engage in unprotected sex
Have sex with multiple partners
Are a man who has sex with men
Are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
Symptoms
Syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms vary with each stage. But the
stages may overlap, and symptoms don't always occur in the same order. You
may be infected with syphilis and not notice any symptoms for years.
Precautions and Preventions
Practising safe sex is the best way to prevent syphilis infection. It is safest to:
always use condoms with water based lubricant during sex. always use dental
dams for oral sex.
HIV AND AIDS
Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) attacks the
immune system, leaving
its host much more
vulnerable to infections
and diseases. If the virus
is left untreated, the
susceptibility to infection
worsens.
Causes
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially
lifethreatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
By damaging your immune system,HIV interferes with your body's ability to
fight the organisms thatcause disease. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection
(STI).
Symptoms
Rapid weight loss.
Recurring fever or profuse night sweats.
Extreme and unexplained tiredness.
Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck.
Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week.
Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals.
Pneumonia.
Precautions and Preventions
Use new gloves for every patient. Wear protective eye wear, masks or face
shields (with safety glasses or goggles) during procedures likely to generate
droplets of blood or body fluids. In general, protective eye wear, masks and
clothing are not needed for routine care of AIDS virus-infected persons.
Thank You
