Two Stroke Engines

Will need CDX Disk 4-1 on day 2

2 Stoke Engines
Everything a 4 stroke
engine does in 2
revolutions a 2 stroke
engine does in 1
revolution of the
crankshaft

11/2001 2
2 Stroke Engines
The next page in your notebooks will be
“2 stroke engines” page #_________
There will be a “2 Stroke Quiz” _______
Lets start with the names of the parts

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2 Stoke Engines part names
Cylinder Still uses a flywheel
Combustion (not shown)
Exhaust port
chamber

Crankcase

Reed valve
Piston
Connecting Crankshaft
Intake port
Rod
Transfer port
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2 Stroke Engines
Turn your page over and lets start with the strokes

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 Intake/________ Stroke
TDC BDC Reed Valve
Is sucked
open

Piston moves from

BDC to TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is sucked into crankcase
11/2001 6
Compare intake strokes
Two Stroke Four Stroke
 Piston BDC to TDC  Piston TDC to BDC
 A/F/O mixture  A/F mixture sucked
sucked into into cylinder
crankcase

11/2001 7
 Down to bottom of page
TDC BDC Reed Valve
Shuts

Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now trapped in crankcase
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Crankcase compression (primary compression)

TDC BDC Reed Valve

sealing

Piston moves back

To BDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now pressurized in crankcase
11/2001 9
Crankcase compression
Is only a few pounds of pressure per
square inch (psi) [very weak]
Cylinder compression in a four stroke
engine was several psi [very strong]
The crankcase in a two stroke engine
has to be very small so we can build
some pressure when the piston is
moving to BDC

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What is going to happen when
the top of piston gets to here?

Crankcase
Compression

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A/F/O mixture squirts into
cylinder because of crankcase compression

11/2001 12
Piston reaches BDC

Cylinder fills with

A/F/O mixture

11/2001 13
 Intake/________
Compression Stroke

Another A/F/O mixture is sucked into crankcase while

11/2001 First one is compressed in cylinder 14
 Down to bottom of page
TDC BDC

Piston is pounded
Down the cylinder

Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is ignited in cylinder
11/2001 15
Blow-by adds to crankcase
compression

Crankcase
Compression

What is going to happen when the piston gets here?

11/2001 16
 Power/Exhaust Stroke (TDC-BDC)

TDC BDC

Still closed

Exhaust port is uncovered and exhaust starts leaving

11/2001 17
What’s going to happen when
the piston gets back to TDC
OK, I get it
!

ANOTHER
POWER
STROKE

11/2001 18
 Every time the piston
reaches TDC, there is
another power stroke !

11/2001 19
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 20
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 21
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 22
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 23
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 24
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 25
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001 26
 Let’s make a chart

Stroke Piston A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

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Reed valve on the side of crankcase

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11/2001 32
Tuned Exhaust

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Tuned Exhaust

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Tuned Exhaust

11/2001 35
Tuned Exhaust

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Power stroke every revolution

11/2001 37
Let’s watch CDX Disk 4-1

Look for two stroke with no reed valve

11/2001 38
Oil mixing
Pre-mix
 Have to mix before
filling tank

Oil injection
 Has separate fuel
and oil tank and
carburetor to mix
proper amounts

11/2001 40
Advantages
2 Stroke 4 Stroke
 Smaller/lighter  More efficient
 Cheaper  No oil to mix
 Less friction  Less emissions
 No oil to change  Less exhaust smoke
 Quicker acceleration  More low RPM power
 Operate at different
angles

11/2001 41
Fuel to Oil mixtures

16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1

40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1

100 to 1
Look in owners manual for exact ratio for your engine
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32 to 1 Mix
32 parts ofThink
520
640
gals
ozozs
.X
gasolineof
.toThink
128
of
oilfuel
for
ozs
1 part .of. oil
How am I going
would
divided
Think
640 oz.give of
.by
Think
fuel
32
me.or.. ..
 32 ounces of gas to 1 ounce of oil

 32 pintsto figure
of gas this
to 1 pint of oilout?
. 6405 Think
gallons
ozs. of fuel
 32 quarts of gas to 1 quart of oil
 5 gallon gas can = How many ounces of oil
1 pint = 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt 128 20
1 quart = 32 oz X 5 32 640
4 quarts in a gal 64
640
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz
11/2001 43
Fuel to Oil mixtures
16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1

40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1

100 to 1 You figure it out

Let’s say we are going snowmobiling for the

Weekend and you have 1 quart of two stroke oil
11/2001 44
 How many gallons of fuel will
be needed to mix with one
quart of oil with a 50 to 1 ratio
1 pint = 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz

11/2001 45
There is always more than
one way to figure something
out

11/2001 46
Here is how I figured it out
32 oz times 50 = 1600
I will need 1600 oz of fuel for 32 oz of
oil with a 50 to 1 ratio
Since there are 128 oz in a gallon,
divide 1600 by 128 1 pint = 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz
11/2001 47
Mixing oil is critical
If you forget to add oil for one tank of
gas, you will destroy your engine
If you mix too much oil with the gas
 Your engine will smoke a lot
 It will be hard to start
 It will have less power
 It might foul the spark plug (not start)
If you don’t mix enough oil with the gas
 You will cause lots of engine wear

11/2001 48
Two stroke piston
Notice the piston skirt scars
(lack of oil)
Notice the 2 ring lands
(only have compression rings)

Notice the ring pins

(prevents rings from rotating
And catching on cylinder ports)

11/2001 49
How to identify from outside
Two stroke Four stroke
 Exhaust port in  Exhaust port in end
center of cylinder of cylinder
 Small crankcase  Large crankcase

11/2001 50
Good uses of two stroke engines
Because it is light, can be used at any
angle, operates at high RPM
 Weed eaters
 Chain saws
 Boats
 Snowmobiles
 Dirt bikes

11/2001 51
Usually don’t see 2 strokes in
Because of pollution, efficiency, lack of
low RPM power, and convenience of not
mixing oil
 Cars
 Trucks
 Road bikes
 Lawn mowers
 Generators

11/2001 52
Multiple cylinder two strokes
The crankcase below each piston has to
be sealed to create crankcase
compression for that cylinder

11/2001 53
Two stroke engine questions?

11/2001 54