Recap
0What is heat
energy?
0What are the five
sources of heat?
0What are the 3
modes of heat
Recap
0What are the 3
temperature scales?
0Effects of heat in
NLT?
0Effects of heat in LT?
What is
Electricity?
What is
Electricity?
0 The demand for electricity increases as
the world progresses in the age of
globalization.
0 Electricity is an energy produced from
the movement of electrons or charged
particles in a substance.
0 It is one of the most easily transmitted
and converted forms of energy.
Kinds of Electricity
0Charging of particles by
friction is possible when two
surfaces come in contact with
each other.
0As a result, the electrons are
transferred from one surface
to another.
Kinds of Electricity
0One of the surfaces
loses electrons and
becomes positively
charged, while the
other surface gains
electrons and becomes
negatively charged.
Kinds of Electricity
0When these
surfaces come
together,
attraction
occurs.
Kinds of Electricity
Static Current
Electricity Electricity
Electricit
y
Kinds of Electricity
Kinds of Electricity
0 What is static electricity?
0 What is current electricity?
0 What is Electrostatic Charge or ESD?
0 What is a good example of ESD?
Lightning
Properties of Electricity
0When electrons flow freely,
current electricity is
produced.
0What is Electrical Potential
Difference?
Voltage
0 Voltage may be produced from a direct
current source like:
0 voltaic cells
0 wet cells
0 dry cells/battery
0 dynamos
0 generators
0 Alternating Current (AC)
Voltage
0 The amount of voltage is usually expressed
in volts (V) or joules per coulomb (J/C)
0 The amount of voltage is measured using
voltmeter
0 Current electricity can also be produced by
chemical reactions within sources such as:
0 voltaic cells
0 wet cells
0 dry cells
Voltage Sources
0Voltaic Cell
0 is composed of silver or copper and
zinc plates, and a piece of paper
soaked in salt solution between the
plates.
0 It was invented by Italian physicist
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827)
Voltage Sources
0Wet Cell
0 contains chemicals that conduct
current electricity by forming ions
through a stron electrical field in a
liquid medium.
Voltage Sources
0 Dry Cell
0 is a modern form of the
voltaic cell. It consists of
a positiv terminal and a
negative terminal. These
correspond to the
positive and negative
charges, respectively.
Voltage Sources: Dry Cells
0 They are common in
rural areas that are not
reached by electricity.
0 They are used in
flashlights, transistor
radios, and other
mechanical devices.
Voltage Sources: Dry Cells
0 A group of dry cells
connected together is
known as a battery.
0 They can be connected
in series or in parallel.
Series & Parallel
Circuits
Dry Cells: Series
0 Dry cells are in series when the
positive terminal of one cell is
connected to the negative terminal of
another cell.
0 In a series connection, the number of
cells determines the amount of
voltage that a device has.
Dry Cells: Parallel
0 Dry cells are in parallel when all
positive terminals are connected to a
conductor and an electrical device,
and all negative terminals are
connected in the same way.
0 Regardless of the number of identical
cells used, the voltage in a parallel
connection is equivalent to the
voltage of only one cell.
Voltage vs. Current
0The voltage is the force that
pushes the electrons or charged
particles inside a conductorand
in an electrical circuit.
0The flow of electrons or charged
particles is called electric
current.
Direct Alternating
Current Current
Current
Electric Current Types: DC
0Direct Current
0is a type of current that
flows in one direction
only.
Electric Current Types: AC
0Alternating Current
0the movement of
charged particles
periodically reverses
direction.
Resistance (R)
0It is the opposition to the flow of
electrons or charged particles.
0All apliances offer resistance to
the flow of electrons as well as the
conducting wires.
0The resistance in the current is
affected by the amount of voltage
and current present.
Factors that affect Resistance
Resistance (R)
0A conductor also offers electric
resistance that depends on its
length, thickness, and its type or
resistivity contant.
0Resistivity Constant - is the
resistance of a material having a
length of 1 m and a cross-
sectional area of 1 m2
Resistance (R)
0The resistance of conductors is
expressed as:
R=ρl.
A
0 R = resistance
0 ρ = is the resistivity constant
0 l = length of the conductor
0 A = cross-sectional area
0The greater the number of
electrons that can pass
through a conductor and
circuit, the greater the
current produced.
0Touching live wires can cause
death.
0If one accidentally touches live
wire, there is a certain
uncomfortable feeling or sensation
that is experienced.
0This is caused by the electric current
that passes through the body.
0The body acts as the pathway
or conductor of electric current.
0A strong current can be fatal.
0It can disrupt the function of
your heart.
Voltage, Current, Resistance
Voltage, Current, Resistance
Independent Practice
