Rizal
Title: The Life and works of Jose rizal
Authored by: Rico B. Maghuyop; Theresa Nae E.
Gallardo and et.al 2018
Published by: Mutya publishing house, inc.
CHAPTER 4
Chapter 4: Rizal’s Search for Origin
1.The PACTO DE SANGRE and
2.The Enkantos: Conquists Espiritual
The Pacto de Sangre – also known as Blood compact its significance in Filipino
conceptions of history is seldom discussed in Philippine historiography. The event
happened in Bohol in1565, involving Sikatuna and Legaspi was narrated in the late
19th Century became integral to the nationalist employment of the past.
In tertiary textbooks, the treatment of the Blood Compact or Pacto de
Sangre has been highly variable whether ignored, or discussed at length, the Pacto
de Sangre has lived on in the national imagination. Interestingly, in the 2nd half of the
20th century, the term had already been coined in the works of early historians in the
Philippines, such as Gregorio Zaide (1958, 39) in History of the Filipino People, wrote
simply, At Limasawa, (Legaspi) well received by Bankaw, king of the Island –
Sikatuna and Sigala.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Andres Bonifacio – The two principal narrative strands
differed owing to divergent political projects (Aguilar2010).
Sandugo Reenactment
In Pageant of Philippine History
Zaide 1979, 227-235 – Gave a longer account, detailing the background of the
Legaspi and Urdaneta, describing the voyage, and explaining the
context of the Blood Compact.
Teodoro Agoncillo – (1974) In introduction of the Philippine History, mentioned
nothing but the scarcity of food supplies in Bohol his example
would be followed by.
Renato Constantino(1975),
Jaime Veneracion 1987, They Choose to be reticent about the
O.D Corpuz, Pacto de Sangre.
History of the Filipino People
Agoncillo(1990, 74) – thought it worth a quick mention: “ by February 1565, Legaspi
Reached Cebu and contracted blood compacts with Sikatuna and Sigala at Bohol.
Fr. Jose Arcilla (1984, 14-15), - In his discussion it became florid in the book’s 2003
edition, which provided the context of Legaspi expedition and circumstances that led
to the meeting with Sikatuna, culminating in the performing of the Pacto de Sangre.
Teodoro Agoncillo Renato Constantino
Other historical texts that appeared in the last decade 20th century gave the Blood
Compact more than a passing mention. Rosario Mendoza and colleagues (2000, 30) in the
Filipino Saga.
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrived in Cebu ruled by Rahaj Tupas, on April 27. 1565. earlier, he
had landed bohol, where be friended two native chiefs Sikatuna and Sigala performed blood
compacts, first with Sikatuna on March 16, 1565 and few days later with Sigala.
Ambeth Ocampo – Explain the Blood Compact within the frame modern diplomacy it was a
“treaty of peace” needed because of the Spaniards were not allowed to land in Bohol.
As part of the official commemoration of Philippine – Spanish Friendship Day, in 2003,
Virgilo Almario – wrote the book titled Pacto de Sangre: Spanish Legacy in Filipinas wherein
Pacto de Sangre has been described as a symbol of the cultural transfusion which transpired
after Sikatuna drank the wine mixed with Legaspi’s blood.
Illustrados – in terms of colonization, assimilation, or independence, such words did not
apply during the precolonial Philippines.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar – frame the event of the blood compact n Bohol in 1565 as the key
event commenced the process of Spanish colonization of the country instead viewing the
event as a localized event he interpreted the blood oath as the pivotal event lasting as
friendship between Spain and the Philippines.
• The ambivalence of the illustrados of the blood oath of sikatuna and Legaspi was registrered
in Juan Luna’s painting, El Pacto de Sangre, completed in Europe in 1885. Painting encoded
the basic superiority of Spain as interpreted by Florov Quibuyen, argue that the focus on
Legaspi while Sikatuna was rendered faceless, the only islander in the scene dominated by the
Spanish conquistador.
Paul Zafarella – He is a multilingual writer, and he also described the historical event as a
major cultural document, it underscored the systematic culture clash in Luna’s painting,
Andres Bonifacio whose political project was separation from Spain by means of revolution he
construed the Pacto de Sangre as illegitimate which is invalidated the whole Spanish
colonialism and justified the revolution .
Bernadeth Abrera - interpreted the Katipunan as revival of Sandugo, that was being
established in the rite was with Inang bayan (the Motherland) and everyone shared same
blood, and all, therefore were siblings.
Juan Luna’s Painting
Bernadeth Abrera
Paul Zafarella Andres Bonifacio
