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•I enjoy communicating
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with persons unlike me
as much as with
persons like me.
C O M M U N I C AT I 2
ON and
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G LO B A L I Z AT I
ON
3
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Goes Here
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•How I handle disagreements
with persons from other
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cultures depends on the
situation and the culture(s)
they are from.
GLOBALIZA
TION 5
the increasing
economic,
p o l i ti c a l , a n d
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cultural
i n t e g r a ti o n a n d
interdependence
of diverse
cultures—the
worldwide
i n t e g r a ti o n o f
Digital 6
technology has
helped erase the
n o ti o n o f
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territorial
boundaries
between
countries,
gradually
eroding the idea
of the term
MULTICULTUR 7
ALIST
persons
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r e s p e c tf u l o f
and engaged
with people
from
d i s ti n c t l y
d i ff e r e n t
cultures.
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•I am equally sensitive
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to the concerns of all
groups in our
multicultural society.
COST OF
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CULTUR
AL
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IGNORA
NCE
Showing the sole of a shoe means nothing to observers 10
in the United States or Europe. As a result, when visiting
Saudi Arabia, the American and European delegates to a
conference thought nothing about crossing their legs and
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pointing their shoes toward the speaker while listening to
his presentation. The speaker, however, was horrified.
In Muslim cultures, the gesture is perceived as
insulting. Similarly, while crossing your legs in the United
States indicates you are relaxed, in Korea it is a social
faux pas.
John, who represented the interests of an 11
American multinational corporation, and Yu-Chen,
his Taiwanese counterpart, had difficulty
establishing a working relationship. John’s eyeblink
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rate increased as he became more and more
nervous, fearing that his efforts to resolve their
misunderstanding had reached an impasse. This
only made things worse. Blinking while another
person talks is considered normal to North
Americans; to Taiwanese it is considered impolite.
McDonald’s fast-food chain unintentionally
12
offended thousands of Muslims when it
printed an excerpt from the Koran on its
throwaway hamburger bags.
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Muslims saw this as sacrilegious. The
mistake could have been avoided if
McDonald’s had displayed greater sensitivity
and awareness.
The Japanese view the business card as an13
extension of a person, while Americans view
it as a business formality and a convenience.
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Consequently, while the Japanese handle
business cards with great care, making
certain to put them in safe places, Americans
are quick to put them away and thus often
end up insulting the Japanese.
Eye contact preferences also differ across cultures.14
Americans place a high value on eye-to-eye
communication and tend to distrust those who fail to
look at them directly.
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The Japanese, in contrast, believe eye contact over a
sustained period of time shows disrespect. Among
Asian cultures, too much eye contact is deemed
intrusive.
Arabs, on the other hand, maintain direct eye
contact with those they interact with for prolonged
periods.
15
Americans tend to value personal
achievement and individualism. In
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contrast, Asian and Native American
cultures stress group cohesion and
loyalty, placing greater emphasis on
group rather than individual
achievement.
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• I can tell when persons
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from other cultures do
not understand me or are
confused by my actions.
17
INTERCULTU
RAL
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COMMUNICA
TION
INTERCULTUR
INTERRACIAL
AL
18
COMMUNICAT
COMMUNICAT
ION
ION
interaction with the interpreting
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individuals and sharing of
from different meanings with
cultures individuals from
different races
INTERNATION
INTERETHNIC
AL
19
COMMUNICAT
COMMUNICAT
ION
interaction ION
communication
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with between
individuals of persons
different representing
ethnic origins different
nations
INTRACULTUR
AL
20
COMMUNICAT
ION
interaction with
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members of the
same racial or
ethnic group or
co-culture as
yours
21
CULTURE CO-CULTURES
a system of groups of persons
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knowledge, beliefs, who differ
values, customs,
in some ethnic or
behaviors, and
artifacts that are sociological
acquired, shared, way from the
and used by parent culture
members during
daily living
22
• I do not fear interacting
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with persons from minority
groups any more than I fear
interacting with persons
from the dominant culture.
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•My culture is not
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superior to other
cultures.
ETHNOCENTR 27
ISM
CULTURAL the tendency to see one’s
own culture as superior to
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RELATIVISM all others
the acceptance of other
cultural groups as equal in
value to one’s own
28
• I respect the
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communication rules
of cultures other than
my own.
29
CHART TITLE GOES HERE TITLE GOES HERE
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04
8
7
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6 gravida eros erat. Proin a tellus sed risus lobortis sagittis eu
5 quis est. Duis ut aliquam nisi. Suspendisse vehicula mi diam,
4 sit amet lacinia massa sodales ac. Fusce condimentum egestas
nunc a maximus. Quisque et orci purus. Proin dolor mi,
3 ultrices sit amet ipsum placerat, congue mattis turpis. Donec
2 vestibulum eros eget mauris dignissim, ut ultricies dolor
1 viverra. Phasellus efficitur ante nec sem convallis, in ornare est
accumsan. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
0
Jan Feb Mar AprMay Jun Jul AugSep Oct NovDec elit. Ut gravida eros erat. Proin a tellus sed risus lobortis
sagittis eu quis est.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Dec
individuali 30
stic
cultures
cultures in
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which
individual goals
are stressed
collectivis 31
tic
cultures
cultures in
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which group
goals are
stressed
high-
context
32
communicat
ion
a tradition-bound
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communication
system which
depends on
indirectness
low-context 33
communicat
ion
a system that
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encourages
directness in
communication
34
•Persons from other
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cultures have a right to
be angry at members
of my culture.
HIGH POWER 35
DISTANCE
CULTURES
cultures based
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on power
differences in
which
subordinates
defer to
superiors
LOW POWER 36
DISTANCE
CULTURES
cultures that
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believe that
power should
be used only
when
legitimate
37
MASCULINE
CULTURES
cultures that
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value
aggressiveness,
strength, and
material symbols
of success
38
FEMININE
CULTURES
cultures that
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value
tenderness
and
relationships
39
• Persons from other cultures
who don’t actively participate
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in a conversation, dialogue, or
debate with others may act
that way because of their
culture’s rules
