Total Professeurs Associés

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Total Professeurs Associés 1
EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,
- Specific tools for ERD,
- Impact on rig equipment,
- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities -- TOTAL experiences,

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,
- Specific tools for ERD,
- Impact on rig equipment,
- Industry experiences.

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

DEFINITION (tentative)

HD
deviation ratio = ----------
TVD

TVD

HD (reach)

deviation ratio < 2 === > deviated wells

deviation ratio = 2 to 3 === > ERD
deviation ratio > 3 === > severe ERD (nowadays 4 to 5)
Average angles from surface to TVD: 70° or higher;

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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
(up to 8km departure)

10  Progressive Build Up (BUR = 1.5 to 3.5°/30 m)

Extended Reach Wells
 Long Slant Section (up to 6.5 km, Inc 76° - 83°)
drilled in 1995-1998
 Sub Horizontal Reservoir approach (85 to 88°)

20’’ csg

13’’3/8 csg @ 750 to 1000m MD

ratio H/V from 3 to 5.5
VD 1490 to 1750 m
9’’5/8 csg 4750 to 7790m MD
MD 5430 m to 8690 m
5’’1/2 cemented liner

Horizontal Departure 4616 to 8181 m

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
(10+ km Departure)

1  Progressive Build Up (BUR = 1.5 to 3.5°/30 m)

Extended Reach Well
 Long Slant Section (5215 m, Inc 81°)
drilled in 1999
 Long Sub Horizontal Reservoir approach (88°)

 Lateral Branch

20’’ csg
13’’3/8 csg at 1135m MD ratio H/V 6.24 6.39
VD 1666 m
9’’5/8 csg at 6350m MD
1656 m
MD 11021 m 7” liner at 10025m MD

11184 m 5’’ cemented liner

Horizontal Departure 10422 m 10585 m

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
TIERRA DEL FUEGO
APPLICATION OF EXTENDED REACH WELLS
TO DEVELOP AN OFFSHORE RESERVOIR FROM THE COAST

20’’casing @ 65m MD

13’’3/8 casing @ 1017m MD

1488 m TVD
5’’1/2 cemented liner @ 8685m MD

9’’5/8 casing
@ 7792m MD

TD = 8687m MD
( 8181m horizontal departure unwrapped )

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,
- Specific tools for ERD,
- Impact on rig equipment,
- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
DEFINITION (tentative)

“Complex” wells: are similar to ERD wells but they involve multiple-target
trajectories with substantial azimuthal steering;

Complex wells may involve substantial additional footage without necessarily increase
departure.

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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

Complex wells may

involve substantial
additional footage
without necessarily
increase departure

Source: Petroleum Well Construction – Wiley / Economides / Watters / Dunn-Norman

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
Pilot hole for optimum well placement
gas

Interface
idendification oil

pilot hole water

A pilot hole: to evaluate reservoir thickness, placement of the well’s heel position, calibrate
FEWD parameters, …

Geosteering = to obtain an optimal placement of the drain in the reservoir;

=== > MWD (directional sensors) + LWD with resitivity-gamma ray

“Geostopping” = to optimise the length of the drain versus productivity targets:

porosity and permeability in real time.
=== > FEWD = LWD with NMR sensors

(+ RSS tools to keep rotating the bit all the time)

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,

- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,

- Specific tools for ERD,
- Impact on rig equipment,
- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND DRILLING CHALLENGES

For the successful planning and execution the following tasks must be done:

-collect data from nearby wells and published ERD literature,

- works on well bore stability: perform rock mechanics studies to estimate mud-weight
windows,
- design of the well bore profile,
- estimate torque and drag to evaluate drilling loads and next to compare with execution;
reduce friction and torque which restrict the horizontal length of the drain,
- works on hydraulics for hole cleaning, ECD, …
- mud programme,
- design drillstring to minimize drillpipe pressure loss; select BHA adequate rotary-
steerable / directional drilling equipment for geosteering purposes,
- works on tubular / casing running,
- define, select and check rig and equipment capabilities: top drive system, lifting system
(special casing running system).

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND DRILLING CHALLENGES: casing running

Casing RIH under its own weight

Critical friction angle (70 – 80° ?): varies with mud, lithology, …

TVD = …..
Frictional weight losses
=== > casing requires additional weight
to be pushed in hole
+
Mechanical weight losses
=== > due to cavings, centralisers embedding,
diff. sticking, …
could be reduced by circulating.
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND DRILLING CHALLENGES

… casing running

In ERD wells one of the most critical operations is running the 9 5/8” casing
- partial flotation is best suited for ERD operations; the upper section filled with
mud is in the near vertical section of the well and provides weight to push
the lower buoyant/floated casing into the well,
- rotation can reduce some of the axial drag,
- to handle casing buoyancy safely, a push tool must be installed below the top-
drive,
- if / when mechanical losses are higher than frictional losses, they can be
eliminated through circulation,
- the various top drive functionalities (ability to circulate, reciprocate, rotate and
push the casing) are paramount.

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,

- Specific tools for ERD,

- Impact on rig equipment,
- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND DRILLING
Rotary steerable tools / systems for directional drilling

. In recent years (> 1990s) significant advances have been made with regard to
adjustable stabilizers.

They are now “hydraulically-instructed”-adjustable-diameter stabilizer with many

settings over a wide size range.

. These new tools provide greater 3D-directional control while maximizing rotary-mode
drilling.

Presented by: JB - AG
34
EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND DRILLING
Rotary steerable tools / systems for directional drilling

Reminder: two steering actuation processes

“push the bit” system and “point the bit” system

Main Advantages
- being able to rotate continuously the drillstring
- being able to activate the stab-diameter down-hole via telemetry
- rotation + steering use in conjunction with MWD+LWD,
Main disadvantages
- durability and maintenance in remote areas,
- very high rental costs

Presented by: JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,
- Specific tools for ERD,

- Impact on rig equipment,

- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
ERD AND IMPACT ON RIG EQUIPMENT

… rig sizing

. Maximum required power is usually from back reaming at the end of 12 ¼” section
(> 5500 kW)
. Top drive: continuous top drive torque (approx. 45 000 ft.lbs) and intermittent
maximum torque rating will be selected
. Handling of tubulars: less time manipulating tubulars = less time for bore hole
instability …
. As with mud pumps, consideration should be given to availability of a spare
generator.

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

 Heavy duty rig, with

 6 motors : 5450 kW
 3 pumps 12P160
 Mud Plant 1400 m3
 Top Drive TDS4 : 47,000 ft.lbs
 High Torque Drill Pipes
5,000 m of 6 5/8” & 5,000 m of 5 1/2”
 Racking Capacity
7,800 m in 12 1/4” & 8,300 m in 8 1/2”

Illustration / source: TOTAL

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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
rig equipment

Pipe Handling Machine

 Drill pipes combinations are different in  6”5/8 and 5”1/2 in 12”1/4 section and above
each section
 5”1/2 and 5” in 8 1/2” section
 They are picked up and laid down in triple  5”1/2 and 4” in 6”1/8 section
with the machine
Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
rig equipment

Top Drive Casing Pushing Assembly

Dead Weights

Dolly

Suspension

Guiding Rails Push tool

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
rig equipment

Casing push tool assembly

Push Tool

Teflon disk

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
rig equipment

Total Weight = 37 tons Dead weights

800 kg per Block

42 Blocks

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

CONTENTS

- Generalities (TOTAL experiences),

- Definitions,
- Drilling challenges & associated engineering,
- Specific tools for ERD,
- Impact on rig equipment,

- Industry experiences.

Presented by JB - AG
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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
Horizontal Departure (m)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
0

1000
True Vertical Depth (m BRT)

Dep / TVD = 6

2000

Dep / TVD = 5
3000

4000

5000
Pre 90 92 94 96 99
Dep / TVD = 2
6000

7000

Source / Illustrations:
TOTAL
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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

Industry ERD Wells - Updated October 02 TOTAL Ara CN1

Departure (m) BP WF 1M – 16SPZ

0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000 10 000 11 000 12 000
0 0

1 000
5 000
2 000

10 000 3 000
TVD BRT (ft)

TVD BRT (m)

4 000
15 000 Industry ERD Envelope
5 000

20 000 6 000

7 000
25 000
8 000

30 000 9 000
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000
Departure (ft)
Updated October U2002
p d a t(Nicholas
e d Oc t o b eRobertso)
r 2 0 0 2 - Nic

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 EXTENDED REACH DRILLING
and, drilling HP/HT wells
Accessing new reserves using breakthrough technologies

« GLENELG »

 Vertical depth = 5500m

 Drilled length = 7300m ELGIN

 Res.Temp. = 196°C FRANKLIN

 Res. Press. = 1130 bars

WEST FRANKLIN
GLENELG
Source: TOTAL / FP division (MN & AB)

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EXTENDED REACH DRILLING

NOTE:

ERD wells need strong preliminary studies; wells could be very expensive
and disappointing in case of failure (harming the remaining of the project, …).

Therefore be sure to have the right drilling project (a valuable application),

before embarking to these challenging wells.

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Slides were prepared for presentation and information to Students of Schools and Universities only.

References

Slides presented were prepared with illustrations from the following referenced documents:

- API Standards and Recommended Practices,

- Neal J. Adams, Drilling Engineering , PennWell Books, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1985,
- (Halliburton) - Petroleum Well Construction – J Willey & Sons
- Miscellaneous books from “Chambre Syndicale de la Recherche et de la Production du Pétrole et du gaz naturel”
- IFP Drilling data handbook
- Miscellaneous documentation from TOTAL Drilling Division
- Halliburton Completion Services
- Miscellaneous books from IFP
- Leading Edge Advantage Ltd (Under Balance Drilling).
- Miscellaneous documentation from web-sites: O&GJ, World Oil, SPE
- Transocean, Saipem, Pride Drilling Contractors
- Baker Hughes, Schlumberger, Weatherford, Wild Well Control Service Companies
- Cameron, Hydril, Companies.

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