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Data Structure and Input Processing

The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

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Prabakar D
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160 views13 pages

Data Structure and Input Processing

The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

Uploaded by

Prabakar D
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT - IV

Data structure and input processing

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 1/5


Internet Protocol (IP)

• IP provides connectionless (datagram) service


• Each packet treated separately
• Network layer protocol common to all routers
– which is the Internet Protocol (IP)

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 2/5


Internet Protocol Operation

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 3


Design Issues

• Routing
• Datagram lifetime
• Fragmentation and re-assembly
• Error control
• Flow control
• Addressing

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 4


Internet Protocol (IP) Version 4

• Part of TCP/IP
– Used by the Internet
• Specifies interface with higher layer
– e.g. TCP
• Specifies protocol format and mechanisms
• RFC 791

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 5


IP Services

• Information and commands exchanged across


adjacent layers (e.g. between IP and TCP)
• Primitives (functions to be performed)
– Send
• Request transmission of data unit
– Deliver
• Notify user of arrival of data unit
• Parameters
– Used to pass data and control info

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 6


IPv4 Header

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 7


IPv4 Address Formats

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 8


Classful Addressing

• In classful addressing the address space is divided into 5


classes:
– A, B, C, D, and E.

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 9


Classless Addresses

• Extension of subnet idea to the whole Internet


• Assigning IP numbers at any size together with a subnet
number
• A precaution against exhaustion of IP addresses
• Special notation (CIDR notation)
– network address/number of 1-bits in the mask
– e.g. 128.140.168.0/21

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 10


Network Configuration

• IP address is the address of a connection (not of a computer or


router)

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 11


CIDR

• If a network grows to more than 255 hosts, it may want a Class


B address.
• One possible way of avoiding is to handle many Class C
routing addresses -- but then, for this one network, each router
has to maintain multiple routing entries.
• CIDR is an attempt to balance the desire to minimize the
number of routes that a router needs to know versus the need
to hand out addresses efficiently.
• CIDR enables aggregation of routes !

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 12


CIDR Address Assignment

14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 13

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