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Analytical Methods Overview

This document discusses the classification and goals of analytical chemistry methods. Analytical chemistry aims to determine the chemical composition of samples through qualitative or quantitative analysis. Qualitative methods identify species or functional groups, while quantitative methods provide numerical composition data. Classical methods involved separation, precipitation, and titration techniques. Modern instrumental methods utilize physical property measurements like conductivity, light absorption, and mass spectrometry for inorganic, organic, and biochemical analysis. Instrumentation is divided into detection and quantitation categories.

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Nishchaya Singh
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245 views14 pages

Analytical Methods Overview

This document discusses the classification and goals of analytical chemistry methods. Analytical chemistry aims to determine the chemical composition of samples through qualitative or quantitative analysis. Qualitative methods identify species or functional groups, while quantitative methods provide numerical composition data. Classical methods involved separation, precipitation, and titration techniques. Modern instrumental methods utilize physical property measurements like conductivity, light absorption, and mass spectrometry for inorganic, organic, and biochemical analysis. Instrumentation is divided into detection and quantitation categories.

Uploaded by

Nishchaya Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classification of

Analytical Methods
By
Naaimat Muhammed
Goals of
Analytical Chemistry
 What is it?
 Identification
 Qualitative Analysis
 How much?
 Quantitative Analysis
 Analytical Chemistry deals with methods for determining
the chemical composition of samples of matter .
 A qualitative method yields information about the
identity of atomic or molecular species or the functional
groups in the sample; a quantitative method, in contrast,
provides numerical information as to the relative amount
of one or more of these components.
Present day Instrumental Analysis

 Better and Faster


 More Data (Images)
 Miniaturization
 Better data processing methods - Chemo metrics
Classical Methods
 Separation of analytes by precipitation, extraction, or
distillation.

 Qualitative analysis by reaction of analytes with reagents


that yielded products that could be recognized by their
colors, boiling or melting points, solubilities, optical
activities, or refractive indexes.

 Quantitative analysis by gravimetric or by


titrimetric techniques.
 Gravimetric Methods – the mass of the analyte or some
compound produced from the analyte was determined.

 Titrimetric Methods – the volume or mass of a standard


reagent required to react completely with the analyte
was measured.
Instrumental Methods

Measurements of physical properties of analytes, such as


conductivity, electrode potential, light absorption, or
emission, mass to charge ratio, and fluorescence, began
to be used for quantitative analysis of a variety of
inorganic, organic, and biochemical analyte.
Instrumentation is divided into two
Category
 Detection

 Quantitation
Analytical Signals

 Data Domain – information encoded


 Non-electrical Domains (scale, number,
chemical)
 Electrical Domains – (volts, current, charge)
 Analog Domains – continuous quantities (volts,
current)
 Time Domains– (pulses, slopes)
 Digital Domains – (Off/On or Hi/Lo)
Digital Domain
 Useful Websites Dealing With Instrumental Analysis
 American Chemical Society:
 http://www.acs.org
 Chemical Abstracts Service:
 http://www.cas.org
 Chemical Center Home Page: (maintained by ACS)
 http://www.chemcenter/org
 Science Magazine:
 http://www.sciencemag.org
 Journal of Chemistry and Spectroscopy:
 http://www.kerouac.pharm.uky.edu/asrg/wave/wavehp.html

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