 Introduction

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Citizen participation
 Public involvement
 Assumptions
 Issues

Engagement People

Social Media
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 To the researcher
 To the youth
 To the government
 To the writers
 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Social media
 Citizens
 Internet
 Activism
 Slacktivism
 Government
 Interaction
 Political Engagement
 Social networking sites
 FOREIGN LITERATURE
- Social Mobilization
- Internet as a medium for political engagement
- Practice of freedom of speech

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 FOREIGN STUDIES
 Users of social media as consumer at the same time producer
 Journalistic edited media vs. non- journalistic media
 Digital activism
 Youth engagement to politics
 Local literature
 Innovation of political engagement through technology
 LOCAL STUDIES
 Social Mobilization
 Technological Development
SLACKTIVISM: ANALYSIS ON
INDIVIDUAL’S PARTICIPATION
THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA
• The earliest NGOs and activist networks relied heavily on
organizational structures and hierarchies (Reitan, 2007).
• Technologies evolved and inventions were created.
• “reciprocal solidarity”
• “shared identity”
• shifted to communicating through the internet and through
cellular phones
• 20th century- year of innovations

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 The researchers wanted to examine the political engagement of people
through social media and whether these engagements have impact on
the status quo, specially sought and answer the following questions:

 1. In what ways, the engagement of people through social media affects

their political perception?

 2. How do political affiliates utilize slacktivism in reaching out people?

 3. What are the impacts of slacktivism in the current political situation of

the Philippines?

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• To get the views and opinions of all parties involved which will
provide better understanding in analyzing the effectiveness
of political learning and examining the effects of social
media in political participation.

OBJECTIVE
• To the researcher

• To the youth

• To the government

• To the writers

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• Issues that are related or connected in the Philippines
especially political issues
• 18 years and above
• Registered voters
• Persons who have different accounts in different social
networking sites
• Residing in the Philippines

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• Media-Richness Theory

• Theory of Citizen Participation

• Parasocial Interaction Theory

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 FOREIGN LITERATURE
• As the Internet and its features and user populations continue to evolve,
activism and social movements have gone online (Maeby, 2010; Breuer &
Farooq, 2012)
• Whether the effects of slacktivism are good or bad may be complicated
to access. (Michigan State University, 2013)
• Twitter's becoming the forum for political engagement, at least in a
superficial way. It's a great place for people to get that taste of
engagement. (Peesker, 2014)
•

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
- MIXED RESEARCH DESIGN (explanatory sequential research design)

 POPULATION AND SAMPLE

- Composed of men and women regardless of their profession, age,
religion and location
- randomly selected from different social networking sites
- population is derived from the total number of people who answered
the given survey form within the specific time frame
- from the population gathered, only those who accepted the
invitation for interview

METHODOLOGY
 INSTRUMENTATION AND VALIDATION
- Self-constructed questionnaires for the data gathering process
- Two sets of questionnaires; interview and survey
- Yes or No questions
- Likert Scale
 DATA GATHERING
- Rigorous Quantitative Sampling
- Purposeful Sampling
- quantitative to qualitative
- online survey
- willing respondents were asked how they prefer to be interviewed
- 20 questions for survey; 8 for interview
- online survey were distributed within 20 days
1. Do you find social media helpful in political participation?
2. Do you consider social media as the best way to reach out citizens?
3. Do you think social media influenced the recent elections?
4. Do you think it’s timely to just participate online?
5. Do you think social media was an effective campaign tool?
6. How do you likely use Facebook, Instagram etc. in political participation?
7. Does social media change your political views?
8. Would you prefer participating in online political discussions rather than actual?
 Likert Scale
 Rate 1-5
 (From Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree)

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
 QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
 4 questions for additional information about the respondent
- registered voter -member of any online organizations
- owner of any social media account - actively participates in online
discussion

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

RESULTS
Graph 1.0 Are you a registered Graph 1.1 Do you have a social
voter? media account?

Maybe
No 1.3%
22.7%
Yes
No Yes
Maybe
Yes
76.0% Yes
100.0%

Graph 1.2 Are you a member of Graph 1.3 Do you actively

any social media online participate on issues online?
organization/group page?
Maybe
Maybe 23.3% Yes
4.0% Yes
No 34.7%
25.3% Yes No
No Maybe
Yes Maybe
70.7% No
42.0%
 Graph 1.4 Social Media Accounts
Graph 1.5 What influenced you to participate
Facebook 150 on these threads?

Instagram 102 Friends 115

Twitter 76
Family 60

YouTube 84
Personal knowledge 111

Blog 11

Media 66
LinkedIn 19

School 58
Google+ 71

Others 8 Other1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

 Graph 1.6 How many hours do you spend on Graph 1.8 Do you find social media as a
your social media accounts a day? helpful way in participating to issues
like political?
1
1-5 Hours 95 2 4.0%
6.0%

5
6-10 Hours 39 29.3%
5

3 4
26.0% 3

11-15 Hours 14 2
1

4
Others 3 34.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100
 Graph 1.9 Do you consider social Graph 2.0 Do you think social media
media as the easiest way to reach out influenced the recent elections?
2 1
to people? 1.3% 0.0%
2 1
2.7% 0.0%
3
13.3%
3
12.0%

5
5
5
45.3% 4
4
3
3
2
5 2
4 1
54.0%
31.3% 1 4
40.0%
 Graph 2.2 How do you likely use Graph 2.3 Do social media change
Facebook, Instagram etc. in political your political views?
participation?
1
10.0% 1 5
2 12.0% 10.0%
10.7% 5
15.3% 5
5 2
4 4
13.3%
4 22.0%
3
3
2
4
2
30.0% 1
3 1
34.0% 3
42.7%

Graph 2.4 Would you prefer participating in

online political discussions rather than
actual?
5
6.7%
4
12.0%

1 5
25.3%
4
3
2
2 3
22.0% 34.0% 1
 Days alloted in Gathering Quantitative Data
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Day 01 Day 02 Day 03 Day 04 Day 05 Day 06 Day 07 Day 08 Day 09 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 Day 16 Day 17 Day 18 Day 19 Day 20

Days alloted in Gathering Quantitative Data

DAYS Number of Response

Day 01 0

Day 02 9

Day 03 3

Day 04 20

Day 05 10

Day 06 4

Day 07 2

Day 08 49

Day 09 12

Day 10 12

Day 11 0

Day 12 0

Day 13 0

Day 14 0

Day 15 0

Day 16 0

Day 17 0
 QUALITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
- 8 questions
- Interview
- Narrative form
 Do you find social media as a helpful way in participating to issues like political?
 Do you consider social media as the best way to reach out citizens?
 Do you think social media influenced the recent elections?
 Do you think social media was an effective campaign tool?
 Do you think it’s timely to just participate online?
 How do you likely use Facebook, Instagram etc. in political participation?
 Do social media change your political views?
 Would you prefer participating in online political discussions rather than actual?