CHAPTER 1:
Introduction To
Management
FUNDAMENTALS OF
MANAGEMENT (MGT 162)
Concept of management
Management functions
Learning Managerial performances
Objective
Levels and Skills of Managers.
Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles
◦ Management is the process of administering
and coordinating resources effectively,
Definition efficiently, and to achieve the goals of the
organization.
A group of individual - They are made up of people
which two or more people who work together.
Management structure – Identify the roles and
responsibility of the job to ensure every worker knows
their job description and responsibility. They also know
whom they have to report to and refer.
Organization
Organizational goals - They have goals to achieve.
They are interacting with each other to achieve a
common goal or a set of goals.
Examples of an organization: Hospitals, UiTM, School.
Performance efficiency Performance effectiveness
Measuring The ability to do the things right. An
efficient manager is a manager who can
The ability to choose the right goals
e.g. If the demand in the market for cars
Managerial achieve outputs/ results as expected.
Managers who are able to utilize &
minimize the cost of resources such as
is form small, compact & economical
cars, but the manager chooses to
Performances
produce & manufacture big, luxury &
staff, finance, equipment & raw material. expensive cars, the manager is considered
to be ineffective
Planning
Includes defining goals, establishing strategy & developing
plans to coordinate activities.
Leading
Four Determine what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how
the task are to be grouped, who reports to whom & where
decisions are to be made.
Functions of Organizing
Management Includes motivating subordinates, directing others,
selecting the most effective communication channels, &
resolving conflicts.
Controlling
Monitoring activities to ensure that they are being
accomplished as planned & correcting any
significant deviations.
What is a Manager?
◦ Someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process.
◦ Someone who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads, and controls
human, financial, physical,
and information resources.
Managerial Level
Kinds of Managers by Level and Area
Levels of Management
Top managers
(An eye of the outside)
Middle managers
(Linking group)
First-line managers
(One-to-one w subordinates)
Areas of Management
Kinds of Managers by Level
◦ Top Managers
◦ The relatively small group of executives who manage the organization’s overall goals, strategy, and operating policies.
◦ Middle Managers
◦ Largest group of managers in organizations who are primarily responsible for implementing the policies and plans of
top managers. They supervise and coordinate the activities of lower-level managers.
◦ First-Line Managers
◦ Managers who supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees.
Technical skills
Ability to use the procedures, techniques, &
knowledge of a specialized field.
Human skills
Skill Of Is a skill that gives a manager the ability to
work effectively with other people. It includes
Managers the ability to motivate, understand, lead &
communicate, which a manager needs
throughout his work.
Conceptual skills
They are mental capabilities that help
managers see the whole enterprise as well as
the relationships that exist among the various
parts in the organization.
RELATIVE SKILLS NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE
PERFORMANCE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
MANAGEMENT
Top H T C
H C
T
Middle
C
Lower H T
Human Technical Conceptual
H T skill C skill
skill
Fundamental Management Skills
◦ Management Skill Mixes at Different Organizational Levels
FIRST LINE MIDDLE TOP LEVEL
MGMT MGMT MGMT
Conceptual Conceptual Conceptual
Human
Human
Human
Technical Technical
Technical
Production Supervisor Sales Manager CEO/ President
Interpersonal Roles
Help manager in managing the
organization smoothly.
Mintzberg’s Informational Roles
Managerial Assists manager in receiving &
communicating the information to
make the right decision.
Roles
Decisional Roles
Assists managers in making decisions
that solve problem or analyze & take
advantage of opportunities.
Key Managerial Roles (Mintzberg)
Provide Process Use
information information information
Interpersonal Roles
Figurehead Leader Liason
A person who performs and
Represent the organizations A person who is responsible interacts with other people
in managerial capacity as for hiring, training and outside the organization such
head of unit motivating subordinates in as suppliers, customers,
Ex : Perform ceremonial duties the organization competitors
(eg: greeting visitors, signing legal
documents, launching events)
Informational Roles
Monitor
• Seeks and receives information from internal and external environment.
Disseminator
After filtering the information, managers will transmit information received to the employees
Spokesperson
• Managers as spokesperson will transmit information to outsiders
Decisional Roles
Resource Disturbance
Entrepreneur Negotiator
Allocator Handler
After filtering Responsible Responsible
• Think and act the for corrective for
as entrepreneur information, actions when representing
managers will organization the
transmit faces organization at
information important, major
received to the unexpected negotiations
employees disturbances
