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Programming Tools - Flowcharts and Pseudocode

Flowcharts and pseudocode are programming tools used to design algorithms. A flowchart graphically shows the logical steps and relationships in a task, while pseudocode outlines tasks using English phrases and some code terms. An example algorithm calculates class average by getting student grades, summing them, counting students, and dividing the sum by the count. The steps are depicted in a flowchart and described in pseudocode.

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mahesh
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46 views19 pages

Programming Tools - Flowcharts and Pseudocode

Flowcharts and pseudocode are programming tools used to design algorithms. A flowchart graphically shows the logical steps and relationships in a task, while pseudocode outlines tasks using English phrases and some code terms. An example algorithm calculates class average by getting student grades, summing them, counting students, and dividing the sum by the count. The steps are depicted in a flowchart and described in pseudocode.

Uploaded by

mahesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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Programming Tools

• Flowcharts
• Pseudocode
• Class Average Algorithm

1
Flowcharts and Pseudocode

2
Programming Tools
• Programming tools are used to convert
algorithms into computer programs:
• Flowchart - Graphically depicts the logical steps to
carry out a task and shows how the steps relate to
each other.
• Pseudocode - Uses English-like phrases with some
Visual Basic terms to outline the program.

3
Problem solving example
• How many stamps do you use when mailing a
letter?
• One rule of thumb is to use one stamp for
every five sheets of paper or fraction thereof.

4
Algorithm
1. Request the number of sheets of paper; call it
Sheets. (input)
2. Divide Sheets by 5. (processing)
3. Round the quotient up to the next highest
whole number; call it Stamps. (processing)
4. Reply with the number Stamps. (output)

5
Flowcharts
• Graphically depict the logical steps to carry
out a task and show how the steps relate to
each other.

6
Flowchart symbols

7
Flowchart symbols continued

8
Flowchart
example

9
Pseudocode

• Uses English-like phrases to outline the task.

10
Pseudocode example
Determine the proper number of stamps for a
letter
Read Sheets (input)
Set the number of stamps to Sheets / 5 (processing)
Round the number of stamps up to the next
whole number (processing)
Display the number of stamps (output)

11
Divide-and-conquer method
• Used in problem solving – take a large
problem and break it into smaller problems
solving the small ones first
• Breaks a problem down into modules

12
Statement structures

• Sequence – follow instructions from one line to


the next without skipping over any lines
• Decision - if the answer to a question is “Yes”
then one group of instructions is executed. If the
answer is “No,” then another is executed
• Looping – a series of instructions are executed
over and over

13
Sequence
flow chart

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Decision flow chart

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Looping flow chart

16
Class Average Algorithm
• Problem: Calculate and report the grade-point
average for a class
• Discussion: The average grade equals the sum of all
grades divided by the number of students
Output: Average grade
Input: Student grades
Processing: Find the sum of the grades; count the
number of students; calculate average

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Flowchart

18
Pseudocode
Program: Determine the average grade of a class
Initialize Counter and Sum to 0
Do While there are more data
Get the next Grade
Add the Grade to the Sum
Increment the Counter
Loop
Computer Average = Sum / Counter
Display Average

19

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