Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Presentation on
TECHNICAL TEXTILE
Geosynthetics
Its function
APPLICATIONS ON
& INDIAN RAILWAYS
Applications
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A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Indian Railways has a vast network of track with
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
68,442 km of Route Length with a total of 1,23,236
Track kms.
It runs more than 13,000 Passenger Trains daily.
It carrying about 23 million passengers.
It runs more than another 9,000 Freight Trains daily
and carry about 3.35 MT of Freight Traffic per day on
an average.
Indian Railways keeps taking up expansion and
modernization plans.
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NEED OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES
Indian Railways had done about 3358 kms of works of
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
New line, Doubling and Gauge Conversion and about
5000 kms of Railway Electrifications in 2018-19.
Geo-synthetics has applications in Construction
projects & Maintenance of existing embankment in
Indian Railways.
Further applications can be there in various areas of
its operation like PPEs, fire retardant properties,
meditech and security.
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ADOPTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Indian Railways makes special emphasis for new products/
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
technologies and innovations for:
Running of High Speed trains.
Running of Heavy Axle Load 25 T.
Reduction in unit cost of transportation.
Improving safety and mobility .
Improving Freight loading.
Hence, adoption of new products/technologies, including
Technical Textiles to achieve better properties is inevitable.
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CIVIL ENGG.
WORKS IN INDIAN RAILWAY
(i) Separation:
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
For laying of new tracks where soil conditions requires
separation of layers to prevent inter-mixing of two soil
types to maintain integrity of each material under the
applied loads- Geo- Textile.
(ii) Filtration:
Again to maintain tracks in healthy condition, products
having such properties that allow passage of water from
the soil in either direction while simultaneously prevent
the uncontrolled passage of soil particles would be very
useful- Geo-Composites.
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CIVIL ENGG.
WORKS IN INDIAN RAILWAY
(iii) Drainage:
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Geo-composite Drains can be used for drainage as a
basal layer in case of embankments where the water
table is high and also for drainage behind retaining walls
and / or bridge abutments as a replacement of graded
filter (in the form of boulders and gravels)- Prefabricated
Vertical Drains (PVD).
(v) Reinforcement & stabilization:
For strengthening of weak formation and for reinforced
earth structures- Geo-grid and Geo-composite.
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CIVIL ENGG.
WORKS IN INDIAN RAILWAY
(vi) Erosion Control:
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
In swampy conditions where the ground water is close to
the surface, to improves the load support capacity, In
cases of steep soil slope, for long-term stability and
erosion control in conjunction with vegetation- Geocell,
Geo-mat.
(vii) Barrier:
Geo-synthetics act as a barrier to migration of water from
one side of barrier to another side. This function is used
in tunnel lining-Geo-membrane.
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GEO-SYNTHETICS SPECIFICATIONS ISSUED BY
INDIAN RAILWAY (RDSO/LUCKNOW)
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Non-woven Geo-textile to be used as separator / filtration
in Railway formation
Geo-composite Drain behind Bridge Abutment / Retaining
Wall
Geo-composite Drain to be used at the base of the
Embankment for Railway Formation
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EXPECTATIONS FROM INDUSTRY
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Standard Testing facilities for various parameters
of geo-synthetics are not available in India due to
which data received from many sources can not
be verified.
RDSO, in its own efforts making Specification of
Geo-grid to be used as base reinforcement /
stabilization. However latest specification
available in this regard will help Indian Railways.
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF GEO-SYNTHETICS
IN OTHER APPLICATIONS
(i) Coach Furnishing items:
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
•Floor Board
•Side wall & Partition Wall
•Seat Cover & Upholstery
•Curtain
Desirable Properties:
Fire retardant property is required to safeguard against
fire for safety of passengers so that the materials don’t
aid in spreading the flame. But simultaneously aesthetic
requirements are to be kept in mind. The materials must
also have least toxicity so that the smoke/fumes of
burning itself is not toxic.
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COACH FURNISHING APPLICATIONS
Items Material Used at present Specifications
Floor board Wood Based Impregnated Specification No. C-9407
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Compressed Laminate (Rev-3) Amendment-3
Side wall & Partition Decorative Thermosetting Specification No. C-K514
wall paneling Synthetic Resin Bonded Laminated with Amendment-7
Sheets
Seat cover and Vinyl Coated Upholstery Fabric Specification No.
upholstery (Artificial Leather) RDSO/2008/Cg-07
Amendment-5.
Fire Retardant Upholstery Specification No. C-9901
(Rev-2) Amendment-5
Stain Proof Fire Retardant Specification No. C-K610
Upholstery Cloth (Rev-1) Amendment-4
Curtain Fire Retardant Curtain Fabric Specification No. C-9911
(Rev.3) Amendment-6
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PROTECTIVE TEXTILES USED IN SECURITY
Item Procured during 2015-16,
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
2016-17 & 2017-18(in nos.)
Luminous jacket 1350
Bomb Suppression 12
Blanket
Bomb Suit 2
Polyester Tent 38
Body Protector 142
Individual Search Vest 1450
• Specifications of these items are formulated by MHA and adopted by
Railways.
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MEDICAL TEXTILES
Uses and Desirable Properties
Staff gowns, caps, shoe covers, incontinence care (Diapers),
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Wound care products (Cotton, gauze, swabs, bandages etc.)
easy disposability & low cost as these tend to be
Disposable.
Bed sheets, pillow covers, operation theatre surgical drapes
etc.
Should be cotton for comfort, softness but should be strong
enough to withstand multiple usage after daily change.
Curtains
Bacteria static coatings as these can’t be changed daily.
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SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
Sutures (Absorbable and Non absorbable)
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Implants, Meshes, Burn Dressings
Fibres used for filtering/cleaning as in Dialysis, Liver
or lung functions
Elastic Bandages, orthopaedic splints
Knitted vascular prosthesis
Specifications of Meditech items formulated by Ministry of Health &
Family Affair and Department of Pharmaceuticals under Ministry of
Chemicals & Fertilizers.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
APPLICATIONS
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Body Protection
Hand Gloves
Respirators
Fall Protection
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OTHER APPLICATIONS ON IR
Bedrolls including bed-sheet and pillow
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
Desirable Properties:
Comfort, maintainability and aesthetics, environment friendly
disposal methods and recyclability
As per policy of GOI, bedroll items like bed sheets (poly-vastra), pillow
covers (cotton/poly-vastra), towels (Turkish Cotton) and blankets are being
Procured from KVIC (Khadi Village Industries Commission) and ACASH
(Association of Corporations & Apex Societies of Handlooms).
One item ‘Disposable Napkin Cotton Rich Spun lace Nonwoven’ has been
introduced in place of hand / face towel in bedroll for AC coach passengers
on cost neutrality basis.
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Linen Items used in trains on
Indian Railways
1. Blankets.
2. Bed sheets.
3. Pillow covers.
4. Hand Towels.
5. Bath Towels.
6. Curtains for AC Coaches.
7. Seat Covers.
Uniforms on Indian Railways
1. Loco Pilots & Guard.
2. Station Master, Manager.
3. Ticket Checking staff.
4. Gangman.
5. Pointsman.
6. Shunting Master.
7. Technicians.
8. Welders.
9. TXR (JE/SSE) Supervisor.
10. Nurses/ Ward boy.
11. Safaiwala (Housekeeping Assistant)
Fabric Requirements for Railways
• Stain resistant fabrics.
• Pest resistant curtains.
• Hygiene of passengers.
• Washable Blankets to avoid dry cleaning.
• Easy washable/ Quick drying linen.
• Less water consumption during wash.
• Fire resistant fabrics for curtains/ seats.
• Alternate material to berth rexine.
• Reusable Linen packets (alternate to paper packets).
Requirements for Railways
Fabric for fire fighting staff.
Dress cum rain resistant clothing material (staff should
able to work in heavy rains).
Alternate to paper packets in which linens sets are
supplied to passengers.
Any methods for recycling of upholstery/ rexine cloth,
because it is very difficult to dispose after use.
Gangman, technician, welders, Patrolman are working
in very adverse weather condition, suitable clothing for
such staff.
20
Gangmen Uniform
Clothing materials for
gangman/ technician
working in extreme
weather.
Conclusion
IR is extensively using Geo-Textile items at the locations of
Geotechnical Engineering Directorate
weak formations and strengthening of poor soils.
New constructions & projects also have extensive use of Geo-
Textiles.
Many other items (particularly PPEs, Coach furnishing items)
falling under Technical Textiles category are being used in
significant volumes by Zonal Railways/Production Units.
Latest specifications issued in this regarding has been
requested by Indian Railways from Ministry of Textiles/BIS.
Standard Testing facilities for various parameters of geo-
synthetics are not available in India due to which data received
from many sources can not be verified.
Research Designs & Standards Organisation
Thank You
