Data Visualization
Mahesh Matha
Assistant Professor
[email protected]
• Bar Graphs
Bar Graphs
A bar graph is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
Problem 1: Suppose a survey of your friends was done to determine the
type of movie that they like.
Comedy 4
Action 5
Romance 6
Drama 1
SciFi 4
Display the data using a bar graph.
Bar Graphs
barplot(height, names.arg = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, col=NULL,
main=NULL, border=NULL).
.
Bar Graphs
Problem 2 145 people were asked the question: Which is their favourite
fruit? The answers are given below. Generate the bar graph.
Fruit No of people
Apple 35
Orange 30
Banana 10
KiwiFruit 25
Blueberry 40
Grapes 5
Bar Graphs
Horizontal Bar Graphs
• Make the necessary changes for x and y axis and in barplot function set
argument “horiz” to true.
•Repeat problems 1 & 2 to draw an horizontal bar graph.
•Problem 2 Solution
Horizontal Bar Graphs
• Problem 1 Solution
Stacked Bar Graph
•It is a bar graph that is used to break down and compare parts of a whole.
•Different colours are used to illustrate the different categories in the bar.
•Problem 1: The following data is given. Depict it in a stacked bar graph.
Instrument No of Boys Girls
Students
Drum 3 2 1
Trombone 8 5 3
Trumpet 7 3 4
Tuba 2 1 1
Stacked Bar Graph
• The legend() function is used to specify the legend.
• It has many arguments. We consider 4 of them
• First: Legend’s position: left, right, center, top, topleft, topright, bottom,
bottomleft, bottomright.
• Second: Vector containing the text of the legend.
• Third: cex=1.5. The character expansion factor. It is a numeric value
giving the amount by which plotting text and symbols must be
magnified relative to the default.
• Fourth: fill. The colours in the legend
Stacked Bar Graph
•It is a bar graph that is used to break down and compare parts of a whole.
The Stacked Bar graph
Problem 2. The following data set is give below. Draw a stacked bar graph.
Q1Actual Q2Actual Q1Budget Q2Budget
Coffee 1900 2200 2000 2000
Tea 1600 1650 1500 1500
Milk 1000 950 1200 1200
The Stacked Bar graph
Grouped Bar Graph
•In a Grouped Bar Graph, for each categorical group, there are 2 or more
bars.
•These bars are colour-coded to represent a particular grouping.
•In the barplot() method, beside is a logical value.
•If FALSE, the columns of the height are portrayed as stacked bars and if
TRUE the columns are portrayed as juxtaposed bars.
Grouped Bar Graph
Grouped Bar Graph
•
Summary
A bar graph is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
A Stacked Bar Graph is a bar graph that is used to break down and compare
parts of a whole. Different colours are used to illustrate the different
categories in the bar.
In a Grouped Bar Graph, for each categorical group, there are 2 or more
bars. These bars are colour-coded to represent a particular grouping.
Questions
1) What is a bar graph?
2) What is meant by a stacked bar graph?
3) Explain the Grouped Bar Graph.
References
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/r/index.htm
Thank You
Mahesh Matha
Assistant Professor
[email protected]
