100 more multiple choice

Regents Questions
 2 People do not often create records for the benefit
 of historians. They produce them for other
 reasons.…
 — Chris Hinton, 1998
 Based on this statement, historical sources often
 contain
 (1) evidence that can be biased
 (2) facts that are completely balanced and
 reliable
 (3) accounts that represent all points of view
 (4) summaries that detail research about the
 distant past
 3 Which concept is essential to the study
of
 economic systems?
 (1) self-determination (3) citizenship
 (2) factors of production (4) human rights
 4 Which major geographic feature has
hindered
 cultural diffusion between India and
China?
 (1) Himalaya Mountains (3) Gobi Desert
 (2) Deccan Plateau (4) Great Rift Valley
 5 Which statement about the Bantu migration is
an
 opinion rather than a fact?
 (1) The migration occurred gradually over a long
 period of time.
 (2) Language and knowledge spread from
 northwestern to southern and eastern Africa.
 (3) The lack of primary documents makes it
 difficult to determine the exact cause of the
 migration.
 (4) Bantu civilization was superior to those
 civilizations that it displaced
 6 Historically, the Huang He has also been
known
 as the “River of Sorrows” because
 (1) frozen ports have made trade difficult
 (2) cataracts have made transportation
impossible
 (3) floods have destroyed crops and
villages
 (4) burials have taken place at the sacred
waters
 7 Both the Han dynasty and the Roman
Empire
 were known for
 (1) developing decentralized political
structures
 (2) having governments dominated by a
 merchant class
 (3) using examinations to select officials
 (4) having long periods of stable government
 8 Which belief system is considered
monotheistic?
 (1) Judaism (3) Confucianism
 (2) Shinto (4) animism
 9 The Golden Age of India’s Gupta Empire
is
 known for its
 (1) development of gunpowder
 (2) sea trade routes to Europe
 (3) acceptance of Christianity as an
official religion
 (4) advancements in mathematics and
med
 10 Which geographic factor enabled the cities
of
 Nanjing and Mogadishu to develop into
powerful
 trading centers?
 (1) location on waterways
 (2) abundance of natural resources
 (3) predictable rainfall from the monsoon
cycle
 (4) access to mountain passes
 12 Development and expansion of
banking,
 insurance companies, and stock
exchanges were
 essential to the system of
 (1) feudalism (3) capitalism
 (2) tribute (4) bartering
 13 A key feature of European Renaissance
culture
 was
 (1) an outlook emphasizing classicism,
secularism,
 and individualism
 (2) a reliance on the Pope and his knights to
 maintain political stability
 (3) a shift in production from the domestic
 system to the factory system
 (4) a way of thinking stressing humility and
 Christian faith
 14 Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII
all
 played a key role in the
 (1) attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land
 (2) fall of the Ottoman Empire
 (3) end of religious unity in Europe
 (4) establishment of parliamentary
democracy in
 Britain
 15 The practice of Islam throughout much of
West
 Africa is evidence that
 (1) Islam spread beyond the borders of the
 Arabian peninsula
 (2) Chinese trade carried Islamic beliefs to
 West Africa
 (3) Islam originated in West Africa and spread to
 the Middle East
 (4) Europeans encouraged Islamic beliefs during
 the colonial period
 16 Which statement is consistent with the
ideas of
 Niccolò Machiavelli?
 (1) Democratic principles should be followed
 faithfully.
 (2) The law should be subject to the will of
the
 leader.
 (3) Human rights should be respected in all
 countries.
 (4) Markets should op
 17 What was a major cause for the shift in
European
 trade from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic
 Ocean during the late 1400s?
 (1) Ottoman Turks seized control of
 Constantinople.
 (2) The Ming dynasty authorized Zheng He to
 make long-distance voyages.
 (3) The Tokugawa shogunate adopted an
 isolationist policy.
 (4) Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem.
 18 The location of the Inca civilization of
South
 America demonstrates the
 (1) importance of trade with western
Europe
 (2) ability of humans to adapt the
environment
 (3) influence of cultural diversity
 (4) complexity of indigenous belief
systems
 19 Why is Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage
considered a
 turning point in world history?
 (1) Portugal’s claims to southern Africa were
 established.
 (2) His ship was the first to land in the
Americas.
 (3) One of his ships was the first to
circumnavigate
 Earth.
 (4) Britain’s control of the seas ended.
 20 In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal
 of mercantilism as practiced by European
 countries was to
 (1) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the
 military
 (2) create laws which guaranteed individual
 freedoms
 (3) teach the natives Christianity and offer them
 protection in exchange for labor
 (4) increase their supply of gold and silver through
 a favorable balance of trade
 21 The impact of the printing press,
astrolabe, and
 caravel on 16th-century Europe
demonstrates the
 ability of technology to
 (1) limit which ideas can be transmitted
 (2) redefine human understanding of the
world
 (3) reinforce established traditional beliefs
 (4) exploit new sources of energy
 22 One way in which Peter the Great, Louis XIV,
and
 Philip II are similar is that each
 (1) supported missionary efforts of the Roman
 Catholic Church
 (2) sought to centralize power by limiting the
 power of the nobility
 (3) fought to block the establishment of British
 colonies in the Western Hemisphere
 (4) challenged feudal practices by emancipating
 serfs
 23 New scientific knowledge and
understandings
 that developed during the Scientific
Revolution
 were most often based on
 (1) observation and experimentation
 (2) church law and faith
 (3) superstition and ancient practices
 (4) geometric formulas and astrology
 24 Which pair correctly links the region
where
 Enlightenment ideas first developed to a
region
 to which those ideas spread?
 (1) Asia → eastern Europe
 (2) Africa → southeastern Asia
 (3) western Europe → the Americas
 (4) eastern Africa → India
 25 Baron de Montesquieu believed that a
separation
 of powers would
 (1) prevent tyranny by acting as a check on
power
 (2) restore authority to the Roman Catholic
 Church
 (3) increase corruption of political authority
 (4) decrease the power of the middle class
 26 Which mountains were an obstacle to
Simón
 Bolívar’s efforts to unify Gran Colombia?
 (1) Alps (3) Zagros
 (2) Andes (4) Urals
 27 • Abundant coal resources
 • Development of steam power
 • Building of an extensive canal system
 In the late 1700s, these conditions
allowed the
 Industrial Revolution to begin in
 (1) Japan (3) Russia
 (2) Germany (4) England
 28 Laissez-faire practices are most closely
associated
 with a
 (1) traditional economy
 (2) market economy
 (3) command economy
 (4) mixed economy
 29 As a result of the Russo-Japanese War,
Japan
 came to be seen by Europeans as
 (1) a likely area for colonization
 (2) the strongest of the imperialist
countries
 (3) a leader in the movement for
nonalignment
 (4) an emerging global threat
 Base your answer to question 30 on the speakers’
 statements below and on your knowledge of social
 studies.
 Speaker A: The British East India Company does
 not respect my beliefs. I cannot follow
 dharma and remain their soldier. I will
 return to my family in a Tamil village.
 Speaker B: My rebellious countrymen cannot accept
 my new religion and so they hate me and
 my “foreign devil” friends. The
 missionaries leave Beijing tomorrow for
 England. I must join them before the
 church compound is surrounded.
 Speaker C: The czar’s soldiers came again today,
 looted our village, drove off our
 livestock, and trampled anyone in their
 way. They even burned our synagogue.
 Our way of life is gone. It is time to
 emigrate to Palestine.
 30 What is the primary focus of these speakers?
 (1) civil war
 (2) economic reforms
 (3) religious persecution
 (4) colonial oppression
 31 Which condition is most closely
associated with
 Mexico between 1910 and 1930?
 (1) revolutions and political instability
 (2) establishment of a state religion
 (3) rapid industrialization by locally owned
 corporations
 (4) widespread support for foreign
interven
 32 The difficult, year-long journey made
by Mao
 Zedong and his Communist followers in
1934
 through China’s mountains, marshes, and
rivers
 was called the
 (1) Cultural Revolution (3) Boxer Rebellion
 (2) Great Leap Forward (4) Long March
 34 Which statement about the Soviet economy
 under Joseph Stalin is accurate?
 (1) The Soviet Union increased its power by
 developing heavy industry.
 (2) The government reduced its role in planning
 industrial production.
 (3) Farmers were encouraged to compete in a
 free market economy.
 (4) A large selection of consumer goods became
 available in the Soviet Union.
 35 In the 1940s, the leadership of the Indian
 National Congress and the leadership of the
 Muslim League supported the goal of
 (1) helping the British fight World War II
 (2) removing British control from the
subcontinent
 (3) abolishing caste distinctions and
discrimination
 (4) establishing a unified government based
on
 religious teachings
 38 Immediately after World War II, which
country
 exerted political and economic control
over
 Poland, Hungary, and Romania?
 (1) France (3) Soviet Union
 (2) United States (4) Great Britain
 39 The main reason oil-producing states formed
the
 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
 (OPEC) was to
 (1) promote foreign ownership of oil fields
 (2) lift economic sanctions and establish free
trade
 (3) improve trade relations with the West
 (4) influence the price of oil and set production
 levels
 40 What was a goal of the student
protestors in
 Tiananmen Square in 1989?
 (1) independence for Taiwan
 (2) removal of troops from South Korea
 (3) access to foreign products
 (4) democratic reforms
 41 What is one way post–World War II North
Korea
 and post–World War II East Germany are
 similar?
 (1) Monarchies were reestablished in both
 countries.
 (2) Democratic principles flourished in both
 countries.
 (3) Both communist governments faced
 economic stagnation.
 (4) Both countries threatened to use chemical
 weapons against China.
 43 • Tutsis and Hutus in Rwanda
 • Russians and Chechens in southwestern Russia
 • Tamils and Sinhalese in Sri Lanka
 In the 1990s, which situation characterized the
 relationship of the peoples listed for each of
these
 regions?
 (1) cooperative political compromise
 (2) development of a shared economy
 (3) movement toward religious toleration
 (4) brutal civil conflict
 44 During the 20th century, in which area
has
 deforestation been a significant
environmental
 issue due to the expansion of industrial
mining,
 the growth of corporate farms, and the
 development of new road networks?
 (1) Sahara Desert (3) Amazon Basin
 (2) Tibetan Plateau (4) Ukrainian Steppe
 below and on your knowledge of social studies.
 …The deposits of fine sediment left by natural
 floods sustain the fertility of floodplain soils. The
 5,000-year history of agriculture in the Nile Valley
 and delta of Egypt depended on the annual Nile
 River flood that left a veneer of new silt over the
 valley floor each year. Modern dams on the Nile
 — particularly the Aswan High Dam, which can
 store the entire annual flood — have destroyed
 the natural system of fertilization, necessitating
 huge imports of artificial fertilizers.…
 — Oberlander and Muller, Essentials of Physical Geography
 Today, Second Edition, Random House, 1987
 46 Based on this passage, a valid conclusion would
 be that
 (1) natural fertilizers are less effective than
 artificial fertilizers
 (2) technological advances sometimes create
 unforeseen problems
 (3) yearly flooding is harmful to Egyptian
 agriculture
 (4) farmers in the Nile Valley operate at a
 subsistence level
 below and on your knowledge of social studies.
 … I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liege
 man of the lady Beatrice, countess of Troyes, and
 of her son, Theobald, count of Champagne,
 against every creature, living or dead, saving my
 allegiance to lord Enjorand of Coucy, lord John of
 Arcis, and the count of Grandpré. If it should
 happen that the count of Grandpré should be at
 war with the countess and count of Champagne
 on his own quarrel, I will aid the count of
 Grandpré in my own person, and will send to the
 count and the countess of Champagne the knights
 whose service I owe to them for the fief which I
 hold of them. But if the count of Grandpré shall
 make war on the countess and the count of
 Champagne on behalf of his friends and not in his
 own quarrel, I will aid in my own person the
 countess and count of Champagne, and will send
 one knight to the count of Grandpré for the
 service which I owe him for the fief which I hold
 of him, but I will not go myself into the territory
 of the count of Grandpré to make war on him.…
 47 In which period of western European history was
 the relationship described in this passage most
 common?
 (1) Neolithic (3) Medieval
 (2) Classical (4) Napoleonic
 48 During the feudal period of Japanese history, the
 emperor had mainly symbolic authority. Which
 statement best explains the reason for this
 situation?
 (1) Power had been granted to shoguns and
 daimyos.
 (2) Communist guerillas had destabilized
 domestic political institutions.
 (3) A democratic constitution prevented the
 emperor from centralizing authority.
 (4) American occupation forces had undermined
 the belief in the emperor’s divinity.
 1 Which feature is considered a natural
barrier?
 (1) Great Rift Valley
 (2) Aswan Dam
 (3) Panama Canal
 (4) Great Wall of China
 2 A library’s holdings include the following
title: A
 Forgotten Kingdom, Being a Record of the
results
 obtained from the excavation of two mounds,
 Atchana and Al Mina, in the Turkish Hatay.
 Which field of study would have been most
 responsible for conducting the excavation?
 (1) economics (3) archaeology
 (2) sociology (4) political science
 3 Which practice is closely associated with
most
 ancient river valley civilizations?
 (1) recording events in cave paintings
 (2) using irrigation systems
 (3) developing democratic traditions
 (4) spreading monotheistic religious
customs
 4 Which achievement played an important
role in
 pre-Columbian Mesoamerican
civilizations?
 (1) use of gunpowder
 (2) production of corn
 (3) domestication of horses
 (4) development of sugar plantations
 5 One way in which filial piety in Confucian China
 and citizenship in ancient Athens are similar is
 that both
 (1) emphasized duties and responsibilities in
 society
 (2) encouraged the development of advanced
 technology
 (3) promoted respect for the physical
 environment
 (4) required that legalist principles be followed
 Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the 7 Which term is best
passage below and on your knowledge of social

illustrated using this
 studies.
 … It was during the Arab period, particularly
passage?
 under the Umayyads (756–1031), that Qurtubah (1) golden age
 [Cordova] enjoyed its prime and grandeur and (2) divine right
took its place as the most civilized city in Western

(3) spheres of influence
 Europe. None of the other Spanish historic
 cities — Toledo, Seville, and Granada —
(4) global interdependence
 approached it in material prosperity and
 intellectual attainments. When Christendom was
 deep in its Dark Ages, Moslem Cordova was
 rearing men, evolving ideas, writing books,
 erecting buildings, and producing works of art
 that constituted a unique civilization. In the West
 it had one peer in Constantinople and in the East
 another, Baghdad. At no time before or after did
 any Spanish city enjoy such distinction.…
 — Philip K. Hitti, Capital Cities of Arab Islam
 6 Based on this passage, what is a major criterion
 used to measure the distinctive civilization found
 in Cordova?
 (1) unique religious beliefs
 (2) distance from Baghdad
 (3) intellectual achievements
 (4) depth of the Dark Ages
 8 Which group used the stirrup, skilled
 horsemanship, and siege warfare
techniques to
 conquer much of Asia and part of Europe
in the
 12th and 13th centuries?
 (1) Japanese (3) Persians
 (2) Vikings (4) Mongols
 11 Which statement concerning the influence of
 geography on Japan is most accurate?
 (1) Widespread mineral deposits led Japan to
 industrialize before England.
 (2) The lack of natural barriers made it easy to
 conquer Japan.
 (3) Large tracts of arable land made Japan a
 leading agricultural exporter.
 (4) Japan’s location allowed selective borrowing
 from China.
 12 Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca
demonstrates
 that he practiced
 (1) animism (3) Islam
 (2) Sikhism (4) Buddhism
 13 Which geographic region made up
much of the
 Ottoman Empire?
 (1) Scandinavia
 (2) Iberian Peninsula
 (3) Indian Subcontinent
 (4) eastern Mediterranean Basin
 14 During the rise of capitalism in Europe,
 merchants and bankers began to establish
 (1) systems based on bartering
 (2) rules that forbid loans to the wealthy
 (3) quotas to control production
 (4) insurance companies and joint stock
 companies
 15 • Johannes Gutenberg
 • King Henry VIII
 • John Calvin
 Which event in European history was most
 directly influenced by these individuals?
 (1) Reconquista
 (2) Glorious Revolution
 (3) Protestant Reformation
 (4) trans-Atlantic slave trade
 16 Which situation came first?
 (1) Spain introduced the encomienda
system.
 (2) Portugal claimed Brazil.
 (3) Spain and Portugal competed for
colonies in
 the Americas.
 (4) Columbus arrived in the Caribbean
region
 17 The term mercantilism is best described
as
 (1) an economic policy in which a colonial
power
 controls trade
 (2) an international policy of laissez-faire
 economics
 (3) a network linking industrialized nations
 (4) an exchange of land between nobles
 18 Which characteristic is associated with the
rule of
 both Akbar the Great and Suleiman the
 Magnificent?
 (1) promoting equal rights for women
 (2) expanding the role of legislative bodies
 (3) forcing the conversion of citizens to
 Christianity
 (4) practicing religious tolerance toward
 members of society
 19 Historians frequently portray Louis XIV’s
 construction of the palace of Versailles and
Peter
 the Great’s building of the city of Saint
 Petersburg as
 (1) shrines to religious beliefs
 (2) monuments to personal rule
 (3) examples of colonial architectural
influences
 (4) efforts to isolate and protect the ruler
 20 One way in which the Scientific Revolution
and
 the Enlightenment are similar is that both
 (1) led to increased power for royal families in
 Europe
 (2) sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and
 science
 (3) questioned traditional values and past
 practices
 (4) promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern
 Europe
 22 Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
stressed the
 importance of
 (1) tradition
 (2) supply and demand
 (3) large corporations
 (4) government ownership
 23 Which social change occurred during
the
 Industrial Revolution?
 (1) growth of the working class
 (2) development of the extended family
 (3) expansion of privileges for the landed
nobility
 (4) increased status for religious leaders
 24 During the 1800s, many Latin
American
 countries were characterized by a
 (1) reliance on cash crops
 (2) transition to command economies
 (3) redistribution of land to the peasants
 (4) withdrawal from the world market
 26 Which description of trade patterns best
 represents the relationship between Africa and
 Europe during the late 19th century?
 (1) Trans-Saharan trade caravans led by
 Europeans were the most profitable.
 (2) South Africa was of no interest to European
 traders.
 (3) Raw materials were shipped from Africa to
 European industries.
 (4) Rivers were the key highways connecting
 Europeans to much of the African interior
 28 One way in which the government under Czar
 Nicholas II of Russia and the government under
 Benito Mussolini of Italy are similar is that both
 governments
 (1) liberated the serfs and industrial workers
 (2) reformed the executive branch by
 incorporating theocratic principles
 (3) established policies of censorship and
 repression
 (4) used televised propaganda to rally the
masses
 29 The movement to establish a Jewish
homeland in
 Palestine is best known as
 (1) Zionism (3) Marxism
 (2) multi-culturalism (4) militarism
 31 A primary objective of the New Economic
Policy
 (NEP) in the Soviet Union was to
 (1) promote private ownership of heavy
industry
 (2) organize support for educational reforms
to
 improve literacy
 (3) coordinate efforts to end World War I
 (4) gain stability by increasing production
 32 Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were
leaders of
 movements that were attempting to
achieve
 (1) nuclear disarmament (3) pan-
Africanism
 (2) self-determination (4) collective
security
 Base your answer to question 33 on the passage
 below and on your knowledge of social studies.
 … Whatever we may wish or hope, and whatever
 course of action we may decide, whatever be the
 views held as to the legality, or the humanity, or
 the military wisdom and expediency [advisability]
 of such operations, there is not the slightest
 doubt that in the next war both sides will send
 their aircraft out without scruple [hesitation] to
 bomb those objectives which they consider the
 most suitable.…
 — H. Trenchard, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, 1928
 33 This passage implies that the author is
 (1) grateful for the availability of new weapons
 (2) aware that new weapons have broadened the
 theater of war
 (3) certain that there will be no future wars
 (4) anxious about the legality of future military
 operations
 Base your answer to question 33 on the passage
 below and on your knowledge of social studies.
 … Whatever we may wish or hope, and whatever
 course of action we may decide, whatever be the
 views held as to the legality, or the humanity, or
 the military wisdom and expediency [advisability]
 of such operations, there is not the slightest
 doubt that in the next war both sides will send
 their aircraft out without scruple [hesitation] to
 bomb those objectives which they consider the
 most suitable.…
 — H. Trenchard, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, 1928
 33 This passage implies that the author is
 (1) grateful for the availability of new weapons
 (2) aware that new weapons have broadened the
 theater of war
 (3) certain that there will be no future wars
 (4) anxious about the legality of future military
 operations
 37 Which event was the primary reason
the United
 Nations called for a Convention on the
 Prevention and Punishment of Genocide in
 1948?
 (1) Bosnian massacres
 (2) killing fields in Cambodia
 (3) Holocaust
 (4) Hutu-Tutsi conflict
 38 In the post–World War II period, which
issue is
 most closely associated with the boundaries
 created for newly independent African
countries?
 (1) expansion of urban centers
 (2) ethnic tensions
 (3) spread of AIDS
 (4) drought-related famine
 40 Geopolitics play an important role in
the Middle
 East today because of its
 (1) fertile soil and favorable climate for
cash crops
 (2) navigable rivers and diamond mines
 (3) effective natural barriers and high
altitude
 (4) strategic location and oil resources
 41 • Over farming and overgrazing on
marginal lands
 • Extended droughts in the Sahel region
 • Wind erosion of topsoil
 These situations have all contributed to
 (1) population growth in Southwest Asia
 (2) deforestation in South America
 (3) desertification in sub-Saharan Africa
 (4) increased reliance on fossil fuels in Asia
 42 “Indira Gandhi Becomes Prime Minister of India”
 (1966)
 “Corazon Aquino Becomes First Elected Leader of
 Philippines” (1986)
 “Benazir Bhutto Becomes Prime Minister of
 Pakistan” (1988)
 These headlines indicate that women as leaders
 (1) have gained some political power in
 traditionally patriarchal societies
 (2) have attained key positions in a wide variety
 of industries
 (3) were banned from political roles during the
 20th century
 (4) were limited to one term in office
 43 Which description best fits the Neolithic
 Revolution?
 (1) moving from urban centers to rural
centers
 (2) using petrochemical fertilizers and
pesticides
 to increase production
 (3) replacing human laborers with machines
 (4) shifting from hunting and gathering to
 farming as a way of life
 44 What was an important strategy used by
both the
 Romans and the Incas to unify their empires?
 (1) building a large network of roads and
bridges
 (2) using powerful navies to protect sea trade
 routes
 (3) supporting free-market economies by
 minting silver coins
 (4) granting citizenship and voting rights to
 conquered peoples
 46 A study of the Gupta Empire would
include
 information about
 (1) Egyptian conquests
 (2) Muslim architectural influences
 (3) medical and mathematical
achievements
 (4) the British East India Company’s
trading posts
 47 • Zheng He’s seven voyages are sponsored by the
 government.
 • Corn and peanuts are introduced into the people’s
 diet.
 • The Forbidden City is built in Beijing.
 Which time period is associated with these
 statements?
 (1) Ming dynasty
 (2) Tokugawa shogunate
 (3) rule of Kublai Khan
 (4) Japanese annexation of Korea
 48 The 1453 conquest of Constantinople is an
 important turning point in global history
because it
 (1) ushered in Pax Romana
 (2) began the Middle Ages
 (3) contributed to the rise of the Ottoman
 Empire
 (4) signified the end of the Napoleonic Wars
 49 One way in which Karl Marx, Vladimir
Lenin,
 and Fidel Castro are similar is that each
believed
 in
 (1) supporting a capitalist system
 (2) preserving a rigid social system
 (3) spreading the teachings of Christianity
 (4) achieving change through revolution