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OSI Model: Layered Network Guide

The document discusses the 7-layer OSI model. It describes each layer's role in network communication: 1. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium. 2. The data link layer handles framing and addressing of packets between directly connected nodes. 3. The network layer delivers packets from source to destination hosts, using logical addressing and routing. 4. The transport layer provides reliable data transmission between processes running on different hosts. 5. The session layer establishes and manages communication sessions between applications. 6. The presentation layer handles syntax and semantics of data presentation. 7. The application layer provides services to users and applications for file transfer, email

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118 views31 pages

OSI Model: Layered Network Guide

The document discusses the 7-layer OSI model. It describes each layer's role in network communication: 1. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium. 2. The data link layer handles framing and addressing of packets between directly connected nodes. 3. The network layer delivers packets from source to destination hosts, using logical addressing and routing. 4. The transport layer provides reliable data transmission between processes running on different hosts. 5. The session layer establishes and manages communication sessions between applications. 6. The presentation layer handles syntax and semantics of data presentation. 7. The application layer provides services to users and applications for file transfer, email

Uploaded by

ManojSunny
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2-1 LAYERED TASKS

We use the concept of layers in our daily life. As an example, let us


consider two friends who communicate through postal mail. The
process of sending a letter to a friend would be complex if there
were no services available from the post office.

Topics discussed in this section:


Sender, Receiver, and Carrier,Hierarchy

2.1
Figure 2.1 Tasks involved in sending a letter

2.2
2-2 OSI MODEL

ISO is the organization.


OSI is the model.

2.3
2-2 The OSI Model (contd..)

• Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).


• Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• Model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communication
architecture that is flexible, robust and interoperable.
• It is not a protocol.
• Developed in the 1980s.
• Divides network architecture into seven layers.
Figure 2.2 Seven layers of the OSI model

2.5
2-2 OSI model (contd)..

• Each layer performs a subset of the required communication


functions
• Each layer relies on the next lower layer to perform more
primitive functions
• Each layer provides services to the next higher layer
• Changes in one layer should not require changes in other
layers
• Layer 1,2,3 are the network support layer, deals with the
physical aspects of moving data from one device to another.
• Layer 5,6,7 are the user support layer, allow the
interoperability among unrelated software.
• Layer 4 ensures that what the lower layer have transmitted is
in a form that the upper layers can use.
Figure 2.3 The interaction between layers in the OSI model

2.7
Figure 2.4 An exchange using the OSI model

2.8
LAYER 7 - APPLICATION LAYER

The application layer is responsible for


providing services to the user.

2.9
LAYER 7 - APPLICATION LAYER (cont..)

Telnet
SMTP Telnet HTTP SMTP HTTP
Layer 7 - Application Layer (cont..)

SERVICES PROVIDED BY APPLICATION LAYER ARE:


• Remote log-in or network virtual terminal
• File transfer, access and management
• Mail services
• Directory service
Layer 6 - PRESENTATION LAYER

Design to the handle the syntax and semantic of


the information exchanged between 2 systems.

The presentation layer is responsible for translation,


compression, and encryption of message obtained from
application layer.

2.12
LAYER 6 - Presentation Layer (cont..)
LAYER 5 - SESSION LAYER

The session layer is responsible for dialog


control and synchronization.

2.14
LAYER 5 - SESSION LAYER (cont..)
.
Layer 5 -Session Layer (cont..)

• Dialog control: design to establish, maintain, and synchronize the


interaction between communicating systems.
• Synchronization: it allows a process to add checkpoints or
synchronization points to a data stream.
LAYER 4 - TRANSPORT LAYER

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery


of a message from one process to another.

2.17
LAYER 4 - TRANSPORT LAYER (cont..)

Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message


LAYER 4 - Transport Layer (cont..)
LAYER 4 - Transport Layer (cont.)

Transport layer is responsible for


• Service point addressing
• Segmentation & reassembly
• Connection control
• Flow control
• Error control
LAYER 3 - NETWORK LAYER

The network layer is responsible for the


delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.

2.21
LAYER-3 NETWORK LAYER (cont..)
Source-to-Destination delivery
Layer 3 - Network Layer (cont..)

• The network layer is responsible:

• Logical addressing: if the packet passes the network


boundary we need another addressing system to help
(source to destination) connection.
• Routing : route or switch the packet to final
destination.
LAYER 2 - DATA LINK LAYER

The data link layer is responsible for moving


frames from one hop (node) to the next.

2.24
LAYER 2 - DATA LINK LAYER (cont..)

The DATA LINK LAYER layer is responsible for :

• FRAMING

• PHYSICAL ADDRESSING

• FLOW CONTROL

• ERROR CONTROL

• ACCESS CONTROL
LAYER 2 - DATA LINK LAYER (cont..)
Hop-to-Hop delivery
LAYER 2 - DATA LINK LAYER (cont..)

2.27
Layer 1 - Physical Layer

The physical layer is responsible for movements of


individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.

2.28
Layer 1 - Physical Layer (contd..)
Layer 1 - Physical Layer (contd..)

• Responsible of:

• Physical characteristics of interface and media.


• Representation of bits: a stream of bit(0s,1s),
• Data rate.
• Synchronize of bits
• Line configuration
• Physical topology
• Transmission mode
Summary

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