APPLYING

APPROPRIATE
SEALANT/ADHESIVE
 LO 1. IDENTIFY
APPROPRIATE
SEALANT/ADHESIVE
 What is adhesive
What is sealant?
How do they differ?
Adhesives and sealants are often lumped
together, as they were versions of the same
product with the same function. But THEY’RE
NOT. Adhesives and sealants are different.
ADHESIVE
 FUNCTIONS AND FORMS
• Adhesive is a material that joints two
surfaces together by bonding them. It is
usually applied as a thin layer between
two surfaces.
Two factors to meet the performance needs of
the particular application:
• Adhesion – the adhesion must be bond with each
substrate (sticking to them) so they can be held
together. If the product will not adhere to one of the
surfaces, then the materials cannot be joined.

• Cohesion – the adhesive must have enough internal

strength so that it holds together and does not break
within the film of adhesive when force is applied to pull
the two surfaces apart.
SEALANT
 FUNCTIONS AND FORMS
• Sealant is a material designed ONLY to fill
up spaces can be joints, gaps or cavities
that occur between two substrates.
EXAMPLES:

• The space between the bathtub and

wall.
• The space between two precast
concrete panels forming the wall of
a warehouse.
• The space between the body and
fender of a car.
The sealant is not there to hold two materials together
but is used only to form a seal against the entry of:
• Liquids – like rain on a window or water on a
bathroom wall.
• Gases – like rain and wind that could come in
through gaps between panes of glass and window
frame. For examples, air coming into an automobile.
• Solids – like dust or blowing dirt.
FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL SEALANT:

• Impermeability – air and water must not go

through the sealant.
• Flexibility – while performing a solid, the cured
sealant must be elastic enough to maintain the
tight seal even when there is movement of the
substrates.
• Stability – the sealant should not substantially
change between the time it is manufactured
and the time it is applied. It should not pre-cure
in the can or cartridge.
• Rheology – if applied to a surface, as between
two walls panels, it must stay in place and not
sag. If applied in a horizontal gap, as between
the sections of an airport runway, it must not
level or even out.
 TYPES AND USES OF GASKET SEALANT

• A gasket sealant is a liquid compound use to

improve gasket sealing, hold gasket in
place, repair a damaged gasket, or form a
new gasket.
• Gasket sealants differ in number of ways. Different
sealants are designed to operate at different
temperature range.
• A sealant must be chosen that has a high enough
temperature range from the area in which it is
used.
• Sealants used with cylinder head gaskets must
withstand temperature in excess of 400°F (204°C).
• Chemical adhesive and sealants give added
holding power and sealing ability where two
parts are joined.
• Sealants are usually added to threads where
fluid contact is frequent.
• Chemical thread retainers are either:
• Aerobic – cures in the presence of air
• Anaerobic – cures in the absence of air
• These chemical products are used in place
of lock washers
 ADHESIVE
• Quick-drying adhesive is designed for bonding
cork, rubber, fiber, and metal gaskets in the
place prior to assembly.
• Gasket adhesives form a tough bond when used
on clean, dry surfaces.
• Adhesives DO NOT aid the sailing ability of the
gasket. They are meant ONLY to hold gaskets
in place during component assembly.
• USE small dabs; they will dry quicker for fast
installation.
• DO NOT assemble components until the
adhesive is completely dry.
• Most adhesives are ideal for use on gasket
application such as valve pushrod covers,
manifold and manifold end seals and oil pan end
seals.
 SEALANT
• Sometimes called chemical positioning agents come in
liquid form and are available in brush type (brush
tack).
• Purpose of sealers fro a tacky, flexible seal when
applied in a thin, even coat that aids in gasket sealing
by helping to position the gasket during assembly.
• Manufacturer’s do not recommend to use sealant on
rubber parts. These are non hardening and can cause
rubber gasket to slip
• NEVER use a hard-drying sealant (such as
SHELLAC) on gasket. It will make future
disassembly extremely difficult and might
damage the gasket material.
FLEXIBLE SEALANT
• Most often used on threads of bolt that
go into fluid passages.
• They are non hardening sealers that fill
voids.
• Preventing the fluid from running-up of
treads.
• They resist the chemical attack of
lubricant, synthetic oils, detergents,
antifreeze, gasoline, and diesel.
SILICONE FORMED-IN-PLACE SEALANTS

• Sealants gasket can be used to replace conventional

paper, cork and cork/rubber gaskets.
• It is generally use in oil pans, valve covers thermostat
housing, timing covers, water pumps, and other
installations.
• Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone sealing
products are the best known of the formed-in-place
(FIP) gasket products.
• Today’s RTV aerobic silicone formulations are
impervious to most automotive fluids, extremely
resistant to oil, oxygen-sensor safe, exhibit outstanding
flexibility (a necessary feature on modern bimetal
engines), and adhere well to a broad range of materials
that include plastic,
metal and gas.
• Be careful not to use excessive amounts of RTV. If too
much is applied, it can loosen up and get into the oil
system where it can clog up and oil passage and cause
severe engine damage.
• To use RTV silicone, make sure the mating surfaces are
free from dirt, grease, and oil.
• Apply continuous 1/8 – inch bead on one surface only
(preferably the cover side).
• Make sure to circle all bolt holes.
• Adjust the shape before a skin forms (in about 10
minutes)
• Remove excess RTV silicone with a dry towel or paper
towel. Press the parts together.
• Do not slide the parts together; this will disturb the
bead.
• Tighten all retaining bolts to the manufacturer’s
specified torque.
• Cure time is approximately 1 hour from metal-to-metal
joints and take up to 24 hours for 1/8-inch gaps.
• The uncured rubber contained in RTV silicone gasketing
irritates the eyes.
• If it gets in your eyes, immediately flush with clean
water or eyewash.
• If irritation continues, see a doctor.
 ANAEROBIC FORMED-IN-PLACE SEALANTS
• Used for thread locking as well as
gasket.
• As a retaining compound, they are
mostly used to hold sleeves,
bearings, and locking screw nuts in
place where there is a high
exposure vibration.
• Never use a sealant or formed-in-
• Once hardened, a good anaerobic bond is
tenacious and withstand high temperatures.
• There are various of tread-locking products that
range from medium-strength anti-vibration
agent to high strength weld like retaining
compounds.
• The inadvertent use of the wrong product could
make future disassembly in impossibility.
• Check the label to certain that anaerobic
material will suit the purpose of application.
HYLOMAR
• Stands for high temperature (hy), low (lo), Martson
(mar) product.
• Is neither RTV or anaerobic.
• A combination of polyurethane paste and silica (not
silicone) flakes made with methylene chloride solvent.
• When hylomar is clamped in a joint, the silica flakes
interlocked and encaptulate the plastic paste,
effectively shielding it from heat, liquids, and
contaminants that might otherwise dissolve it.
• Because hylomar never hardens or cures, the center
remains soft and pliable-like an armor-plated sponge
• As a sealing supplement, Hylomar sticks to any
surface, resists all fluids (including gasoline), and has
claimed temperature range of 50° to more than 600°F.
• If a hylomar-coated gasket is set down
wrong, it can be peeled off and reseated
without damage.
ANTISEIZE COMPOUNDS

• Prevent dissimilar metals from

reacting with one another and seizing.
• This chemical-type material is used on
many fasteners, especially those used
with aluminum parts.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s
recommendations when using this
compound.
SUMMARY
• ADHESIVE - a material that joints two surfaces
together by bonding them.
Two factors to meet the performance needs:
1. Adhesion - must be bond with each substrate
2. Cohesion - must have enough internal strength so that it
holds together
• SEALANT - ONLY to fill up spaces can be joints
form a seal against the entry of:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Factors for successful sealant:
1. Impermeability - air and water must not go
through the sealant.
2. Flexibility - the cured sealant must be elastic
enough
3. Stability – the sealant should not substantially
change
4. Rheology – if applied to a surface, it must stay in
place and not sag
Types and uses of gasket sealant:
improve gasket sealing, hold gasket in
place, repair a damaged gasket, or form a
new gasket.
• ADHESIVE - for bonding cork, rubber, fiber, and metal
gaskets in the place prior to assembly.
• SEALANT - fro a tacky, flexible seal when applied in a
thin, even coat that aids in gasket sealing by helping to
position the gasket during assembly.
TYPES:
[Link] sealant - Most often used on threads of bolt
that go into fluid passages.
[Link] formed-in-place sealants - generally use in oil
pans, valve covers thermostat housing, timing covers,
water pumps
[Link] formed-in-place sealants - Used for thread
locking as well as gasket
[Link] - sticks to any surface, resists all fluids
(including gasoline), and has claimed temperature
range of 50° to more than 600°F.
[Link] compounds - Prevent dissimilar metals from
reacting with one another and seizing.
DIRECTIONS:

• Write your answer on a one half sheet of paper.

1. Differentiate sealant and adhesive.
2. What are the two important factors does adhesive
must meet in a particular application?
3. Give examples of the uses the sealant and explain.
4. Can an adhesive be a sealant? Explain your answer.
[Link] SURFACE FOR
SEALANT/ADHESIVE
• Special procedures in installing the gaskets are found
in the section that covers the part to be fastened to the
engine block or cylinder head.
• Use service manual – always refer to the specific
engine part section of the service manual for the
recommended procedures for using sealant.
• Do not use too much sealant on gaskets.
1. Never reuse old gasket.
2. Handle new gasket carefully.
3. Use gasket sealant only when they are absolutely
necessary.
4. Cleanliness is essential.
5. Use the right gasket in the right position. Always
compare the new gasket to the component mating
surfaces to make sure it is the right gasket.
• Discuss the procedure in installing gaskets.
 LO3. APPLY
SEALANT/ADHESIVE
 SEALANTS
• Are similar to gaskets, except that a sealant is applied
as a liquid or paste, while a gasket is usually precut to
fit and always placed between mating surface.
• Solid sealing tapes are also considered as “sealants”
because they are not cut to size and are also used to
cover seams.
• Another type of “sealant” is adhesive, which is used for
holding power rather than its ability to seal
• The job of sealants are similar to those of gaskets:
exclude dust, and moisture – or contain a liquid or gas.
• However, unlike gaskets, sealants are also used as
protective coatings, to reduce noise, to improve
appearance, and to perform a joining function.
• Sealants are normally used for less severe conditions
of temperature and pressure than gaskets.
• But sealants are often more resistant to chemicals and
more economical to use than gaskets.
TYPES OF SEALANTS:

The major categories of sealants are:

• Hardening types
• Nonhardening types
• Tapes
 HARDENING TYPES

Can be divided into two types:

1. Rigid – which cure or set up firm
2. Flexible – which remain flexible after cure
RIGID

• Or hard-setting sealants are characterized by their

inability to flex.
• They crack if flexed, and are often difficult to remove.
• Common rigid sealants are those based on components
of epoxies, polyesters, acrylics, polyamides, and
polyvinyl acetates (PVA).
FLEXIBLE
• Sealants remain flexible after curing, and have elastic
bases.
• Their range of flexibility varies considerably, as does
hardness.
• Some of there sealants are true rubbers; many have
good adhesive qualities; and all can be compounded to
resist variety of environmental conditions.
• These are either true elastomers – that is, they return
to their original shape after being deflected
• Or are characterized by an ability to deform or stretch
 NONHARDENING TYPES
• These soft-setting sealants stays “wet” after
application and never truly dry.
• They generally cannot be depended on to perform a
joining function, although some formulations are used
as adhesives in very low-stress joints.
• These sealants are characterized by the “mastic” type
pastes usually applied to seams with trowel or brush
 TAPES
• Joints to which sealant can be applied depend to a
great extent on the type of sealant.
• For example, a free-flowing sealant cannot be applied
to a vertical surface; a non-sagging type must be used.
• Common joints are the simple butt joint and lap joint.
• Lap joints can be most easily sealed with tape
 JOINTS FOR SEALANT

• A free flowing sealant cannot be applied to a vertical surface; a nonsagging

type must be used
• Typical common joints are the simple butt joint and lap joint.
LAP JOINTS – can most easily be sealed with tape; filled seal, if the thickness of
the joined sheets will support a
 USES OF SEALANTS

• An inside sealer keeps in fluid or other medium

• An outsider keeps out contaminants
• Some sealers perform both functions
 PRIMARY ROLE OF SEALING

1. Joining
2. Electrical or thermal insulating
3. Noise reduction
4. Vibration dampening
5. Expansion and extraction control
6. Smooth and filleting
7. Protective coating
8. Tampering prevention
• Discuss the procedure in applying
sealant/adhesive
LO4. STORE UNUSED OR
DISPOSE USED
SEALANT/ADHESIVE