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Data Communication - Networks - Protocols and Standards - Standard Organizations

This document provides an introduction to data communication, networks, protocols, and standards. It defines key terms like data, telecommunication, and discusses important characteristics of effective data communication systems like delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter. It explains components of a basic data communication system and metrics for evaluating network performance and reliability. The document also defines what protocols are, including their syntax, semantics and timing elements. It concludes by distinguishing between de facto and de jure standards.

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MD. Rakib Hosen
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453 views13 pages

Data Communication - Networks - Protocols and Standards - Standard Organizations

This document provides an introduction to data communication, networks, protocols, and standards. It defines key terms like data, telecommunication, and discusses important characteristics of effective data communication systems like delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter. It explains components of a basic data communication system and metrics for evaluating network performance and reliability. The document also defines what protocols are, including their syntax, semantics and timing elements. It concludes by distinguishing between de facto and de jure standards.

Uploaded by

MD. Rakib Hosen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction
• Data Communication
• Networks
• Protocols and Standards
• Standard Organizations
Data Communication
• The term telecommunication,
– includes telephony, telegraphy, and television, means
communication at a distance (tele is Greek for "far").
• The word data refers to information presented in
whatever form is agreed upon by the parties
creating and using the data.
• Data comes in different forms such as
– text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
• Data communications are the exchange of data
between two devices
Effective communications

• The effectiveness of a data communications


system depends on four fundamental
characteristics:
– delivery,
– accuracy,
– timeliness, and
– jitter.
Figure 1-1

Data Communication System Components


Figure 1-2
Network Criteria

Performance is often evaluated by two


networking metrics: throughput and
delay.
network reliability is measured by the
frequency of Failure
Network security issues include
protecting data from unauthorized
access, protecting data from damage
Protocol

A protocol is a set of rules that govern


data communications.
The key elements of a protocol are
syntax, semantics, and timing.
Syntax.
The term syntax refers to the structure or
format of the data, meaning the order in which
they are presented.
For example, a simple protocol might expect
the first 8 bits of data to be the address of
the sender,
 the second 8 bits to be the address of the
receiver, and
 the rest of the stream to be the message
itself.
Semantics

The word semantics refers to the


meaning of each section of bits.
For example, does an address
identify
 the route to be taken or
the final destination of the
message?
Timing.

The term timing refers to two


characteristics: when data should be sent
and how fast they can be sent.
 For example, if a sender produces data
at 100 Mbps but the receiver can process
data at only 1 Mbps,
 the transmission will overload the
receiver and some data will be lost.
Figure 1-3
Standard

De facto. that have not been approved by


an organized body but have been adopted
as standards through widespread use are
de facto standards.
De facto standards are often established
originally by manufacturers who seek to
define the functionality of a new product
or technology.
Standard

De jure. Those standards that have been


legislated by an officially recognized
body are de jure standards.

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