Cargo

packing and
Damage
GROUP 4
 Our team 2

Phạm Lê Anh Phương Trần Thị Huyền Lương Mỹ Duyên Phan Thị Thu Hiền

Lại Trần Hoàng Bảo Vũ Ng. Thảo Nguyên Ngô Ph. Tiểu Vy
 3

Contents

ONE TWO
Materials for Ways of
packing goods packing goods

THREE FOUR
Principles of
Cargoes making
packing goods
symbol
into container
Introduction 4

Transporting goods by seaways is one of the popular means of

exporting and importing goods. However, we still cannot avoid
the damage of containers and goods inside during
transportation. Not only is the transport process damaging the
container, an equally important factor that causes damaged
goods to make great losses is packing goods improperly.
 What is packing? 5

Definition
Is a packaging activity when
it understands the
characteristics of the goods
as well as the natural
conditions that it suffers
during transport, ensuring
Function
the safety of goods but still
ensuring ensure the highest Preserving and protecting the inside
economic efficiency. of goods. Streamline and facilitate the
transportation and handling of goods.
Information, advertising products,
facilitating the consumption of
products.
 6

PART 01
Materials for
packing goods
 7

Wooden boxes and crates

 Wooden boxes and crates are

arguably one the most secure
of the available packaging
materials but they are also the
heaviest and least flexible
opyion.

 Used for large products, heavy

and difficult load, and when
long-term storing might be
needed.
 8

Sawdust

 Sawdust is often used as packing materials because of its light weight,

moisture resistant and fire resistant.
 Prevent the goods from being scratched during the transporting process.
 Plastics 9

Stretch film
 Can be used to wrap and secure
products to protect them during
storage or transit. When wrapped
around pallets, hand and machine
stretch film keeps the load stable
and secure, and protects from
dust, dirt and slippage.

 PE film is used as moisture-proof

packaging food container.
 Plastics 10

Bubble wrap
a flexible & transparent plastic sheet
containing numerous small air
pockets. Bubble wrap is light weight,
water resistant, reusabe non-
scratching and used for packaging
fragile items.
Foam wrap
 Specialized for lining goods,
covering products.
 Anti-shock, anti-scratch, chipping,
bumping and dumping products.
 Insulation.
 Safe for products and goods
when shipping.
 11

Paper and board

 Splint the paper is used to splint the corner of the box.

 Wrapping paper is an effective packaging material which is easy to apply and is
inexpensive. Anti-corrosion wrapping paper for long-term protection of metal parts.
Metals 12

Metal can be exploited to produce the

following packaging characteristics: Hight Tensile Steel strapping :
 Strong and rigid For heavier loads keeps
 Barrier to gas and moisture shipments secure during sudden
stops
 Pressure resistant
 Temperature and pressure
 Corrosion resistance via coatings
13
 14

PART 02
Ways of packing goo
 Electronic equipment goods 15

 Use cushioning materials which are foam pieces made of polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU) or bubble
wrapping paper, wrapped around the product with a cushion of paper, tied with paper-wrapped corners with
the main tape. Then use an extra carton to cover the outside.

 Should not use larger sized cartons than goods, and should use soft materials inserted in the middle of the
product to ensure products are not moved in the box during the move.
 Fragile goods 16

 using air bubble paper - high resilience, high impact resistance and use of carton for external packing.
 Cover the entire product with an air wrap, noting that all corners need to be covered.
 When placing lots of goods in the same package, you should separate goods and wrap them, pack each
item separately then put it into a carton.
 Finally, seal the carton to seal the product to ensure that the product is not damaged by colliding with each
other and protect the product from vibration due to impact from the outside.
 Bottle of liquid goods 17

 Must be sealed
 Must be stored in a sealed wooden container or tin, with a space in the middle to insert liquid-
absorbing material (sawdust) to ensure that the liquid is removed in the case of bottles and jars.
 If multiple bottles in a container must be separated by partitions or use elastic materials sealed between
gaps to not move the product during shipping.
 Use additional shockproof materials to insert more such as air bubble sheets, foam, foam particles ...
 Curled up goods and others 18

Curl these products and then put them into tubular materials such as water pipes or scrolls, maps ... or
round tubes with paper carton covers. Then fix and seal the two ends with adhesive tape.

 Choose the right carton, fit the product to pack.

 Apply adhesive tape to seal the barrel so that the goods will not be lost during transportation
 Do not use fabrics for packing.
 The package has a smooth surface to record the bill of lading and customer information.
 19

PART 03
Cargo making
symbol
Cargo making symbol 20

Fragile, handle with care

The symbol should be applied to easily broken cargoes. Cargoes marked with this
symbol should be handled carefully and should never be tipped over or slung.

Use no hooks
Can not use hooks to transportation this cargos
Used for handling bagged cargo.

Top
The package must always be transported, handled and stored in such
a way that the arrows always point upwards
Cargo making symbol 21

Keep away from heat (solar radiation)

the cargo is kept under the coolest possible conditions
This label should also be used for goods, such as butter and chocolate, which
anybody knows should not be exposed to heat, in order to prevent losses.

Protect from heat radioactive source

Stowage as for the preceding symbol. The cargo must additionally be
protected from radioactivity.

Sling here
This symbol explains how we should put the slung to lift the cargo.
Cargo making symbol 22

Keep dry
Cargoes bearing this symbol must be protected from excessive humidity and
must accordingly be stored under cover. If particularly large or bulky packages
cannot be stored in warehouses or sheds, they must be carefully covered with
tarpaulins.
No hand truck here
Do not use hand trucks if this symbol is present.

Center of gravity
This symbol is intended to provide a clear indication of the position of the center of
gravity. To be meaningful, this symbol should only be used where the center of
gravity is not central.
Cargo making symbol 23

Stacking limitation
The maximum stacking load must be stated as "... kg max.". Since such marking
is sensible only on packages with little loading capacity, cargo bearing this symbol
should be stowed in the uppermost layer.

Clamp here
The package can be clamped to a designated place equivalent to not
being able to clamp anywhere else .

Do not you forklift truck here

This symbol should only be applied to the sides where the forklift truck
cannot be used.
Cargo making symbol 24

Electrostatic sensitive device

Contact with packages bearing this symbol should be avoided at low levels of
relative humidity, especially if insulating footwear is being worn or the ground/floor
is nonconductive. Low levels of relative humidity must in particular be expected on
hot, dry summer days and very cold winter days

Do not destroy barrier

A barrier layer which is (virtually) impermeable to water vapor and contains
desiccants for corrosion protection is located beneath the outer packaging.
This protection will be ineffective if the barrier layer is damaged. Since the
symbol has not yet been approved by the ISO, puncturing of the outer shell
must in particular be avoided for any packages bearing the words "Packed
with desiccants".
Cargo making symbol 25

Tear off here

This symbol is intended only for the receiver.

Temperature limitation
Indicates the temperature range in which the package must be stored
and processed.

.
The maximum number of identical packages can be stacked, where n
stands for the number of allowed packages.

No overlap
Do not stack on the packaging and do not place them in the packaging.
 26

PART 04
Principles of
packing
goods into
 27
Container loading goods process

01 03
Classify goods and Loading goods
appropriate into container
container

02 04
Container Container
Inspection before Inspection after
packing packing
 28

Classify goods a
appropriate contai
 Dry goods (Grocery) and bulk goods 29

anned food, leather, plastic, rubber, household appliances, silk, fabric, metal products, w
Cement, coal, ore, rice, ….
Carried by dry container, open-top container, bulk container,,, depends
on the conditions of each type of goods
 Fresh goods 30

esh seafood, meat, vegetables,…

Goods are carried by reefer container

 Liquids goods 31

il, cooking oil, gas, wine, beer,..

Goods are carried by tank container, dry container,,, depends

on the conditions of each type of goods
 Oversized and overload goods 32

ars, cattle, enginery, iron, steel,…

Goods are carried by named cargo container, flat container,,, depends

on the conditions of each type of goods
 33

Container
inspection
before
packing
 Container inspection before packing 34

External checklist

There are no The keys and

holes or tears
on the walls or
handles work
ceiling of the normally
container
The container There are no
doors can be stickers of previous
opened and goods
closed easily
 Container inspection before packing 35
35

Special container types

Flatrack container Open-top container

The columns The tarpaulin is not
must be perfect damaged, the size is
and properly correct and the column is
installed not damaged
 Container inspection before packing
36

Internal checklist

Steam or mist must be

03
cleaned to avoid corrosion
and moisture to damage clean, no dust and no smell
the goods
02
Completely dry inside 04
no nails or sharp objects

01
05
waterproof ability
CSC is still valid
Stand inside the
container, close the two
doors and check if any
light penetrates into the
container`
ding goods into container
7 golden principles in packing goods
 Rule #1 38

and large packages must be arranged at the bottom

The pressure of packaging is limited so it should be taken into account

when stacking packages together to ensure the bearing capacity of the
bale is always below the allowed level.
 Rule #2 39

ot put incompatible goods into one container

Goods is sensitive with dust

Dusty goods
 Rule #2 40

ot put incompatible goods into one container

Goods is sensitive
with moisture

Goods/packaging
produces moisure
 Rule #2 41

ot put incompatible goods into one container

Goods with edges

or sharp corners
protruding

Goods/packaging
are flexible torn
 Rule #3 42

ht distribution of goods in the whole container

Containers are loaded onto transport vehicles to be loaded and loaded onto vehicles,
loaded onto ships, and the arrangement of weight imbalances in containers is very
dangerous.
 Rule #4 43

the blocks from lining up separately, limit the blank spaces when loading goods

The different items to separate, or the row is not filled with containers and sparse space
in the back, the best way to prevent the cargo block will not be moved during transport.
 Rule #5 44

orcing equipment to ensure goods are not moved during transport.

For some goods, it is necessary to reinforce with appropriate tools to prevent the roll
from rolling and moving
 Rule #6 45

e up to the roof of container, especially goods that need ventilation

In loading process, it is necessary to consider whether or not to line up to the roof

of the container, especially for balancing items. Particularly for reefer cargo, it is
only queued up to the color painted line on the inside wall of the container, which is
not arranged beyond that line.
 Rule #7 46

ress seal after finished packing

Checking, photo-taking and seal cutting are a must-do shipper work, this is
a way for shipper to ensure the rights and clearly define responsibility for
the goods during transportation.
ontainer inspection after packin
 48

Container inspection after packing

1 2 3 4

The weight of A detailed copy of If a wooden bar is The doors and

goods must not the packing list used as a packaging container ceilings
exceed the must be placed in material, quarantine must be completely
permitted weight a position with a and fumigation closed and the seal
level (Payload) good view inside standards or other must be intact to
inscribed on the the container to relevant national ensure the theft of
container shell. facilitate the regulations must be goods in the
inspection. followed. container does not
occur.
 49
Container inspection after packing

5 6 7 8

Note the exact For reefer containers, In the case of dangerous All paperwork for
number of seals must be set to the goods packaging, the shipment must
correct temperature, appropriate packaging be completed on
proper ventilation, types, insulation panels time
temperature must be strictly enforced
monitoring device and and dangerous goods
display should be labels must be affixed
operating normally. outside.
 50

Conclusion
Packing goods in
principle not only
helps the goods
avoid damage
during
transportation but
also ensures the
quality of the
container as well as
avoiding damage to
both shipper, buyer
and forwarder.
THANK
YOU